Poor is a curse for any society or nation. Poverty is that condition of human life when he is deprived of even the necessities of life and is forced to lead a worse life. For the poor man the whole world remains empty. Therefore, poverty is considered a symbol of eternal misery. In today's material age, where people are full of wealth on the one hand, there is a complete lack of it with the poor.
Even after the completion of 64 years of independence, most of our country remains in poverty. The monster we have to face since the country's independence is poverty. In our country, the leaders raised the slogan 'Aaram Haram Hai' to destroy this. Late Smt. Indira Gandhi gave a call to eradicate poverty. For this he nationalized the banks and even closed the privypers of the former kings. Apart from this, he adopted many more programs to end poverty, such as setting limits on urban property, new employment purposes, nationalization of insurance companies, etc.
To overcome this, first of all, by developing agriculture and cottage industries, production has to be increased. The second would be to curb the rapidly increasing population. We should try to make ourselves self-supporting instead of taking foreign loans. The Prime Minister and other leaders of our country are determined that they will die only by driving away the demon of poverty from the country.
The most important parameter of development of a progressive nation is success in the direction of poverty alleviation. India is a prosperous country, but its residents are poor. It is counted among the top 10 poorest countries in the world. Although after independence, the main goal of all the governments in India has been to provide basic facilities to the citizens and to eradicate the poor. We have had a great deal of success in this as well. With the increase in growth rates, the percentage of poverty in the country's population has also decreased. But despite this, the situation of poverty remains serious even today. India is an agricultural country and the nature of poverty is mainly rural. Three-fourth of our country's poor live in rural areas.
For the last twenty five years, the condition and direction of villages and cities have remained almost the same. This disparity can also be seen in the 1970s to the early 1990s. Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, West Bengal saw a rapid reduction in poverty, while Bihar and Uttar Pradesh were lagging behind. The main reasons for the decrease in the rate of poverty are the following: (1) Rapid growth of the agricultural sector - Due to the rapid growth in the agricultural sector, the prices of food grains decreased and the wage scales of agricultural workers increased.
The rate of our GDP also increased at the rate of 3.5 percent and poverty started declining. (2) Inflation – The reason for the increase in the prices of food grains is the increase in the rates of inflation. If inflation rates rise, the prices of food grains also increase. Poverty increases due to rise in prices. Therefore, one of the main reasons for poverty rates is also the fall in inflation rates.
Role of Human Resource Development
The role of human resource development is very important, because it has an impact on the poverty rate and its development reduces the poverty rate to a great extent. We see a successful example of this in relation to Kerala. The rate of GDP growth in Kerala was not high. There was a large-scale migration of semi-skilled workers, and the income from these workers also led to a reduction in poverty rates. Poverty rates have decreased very slowly since the mid-1990s. In the year 1993-94 this rate was 35 percent and in 1997 it came down to 34 percent.
The growth rate of the agriculture sector remained high and social indices also improved. Despite this, poverty declined relatively slowly. To understand other reasons for the change, we need to look at the state-wise inequalities of inflation, agricultural growth and development in the recent economic. to understand in terms of activities. As we know that if the rate of inflation increases, then poverty also increases with it. Inflation in the 80s was lower than in the 90s. Because of this, food prices remained high in the 90s, which led to a decline in poverty rates, thus we see that the success in poverty alleviation is only partial. Some tough decisions need to be taken to reduce the poverty of the country.
To reduce the poverty rate and to deal with this problem, we need to raise our literacy rate, for which we have to make more and more children literate. Women's participation in the economic, legal and political system of the country has to be increased. The necessary infrastructure for development has to be strengthened. In addition, there is a need for more activism in the social sector. Production and service sectors should be handed over to the private sector respectively and the government should give its full attention to sectors like education and health. Proper facilities should be made for their development and all round development of this area should be done. Primary education and health facilities should be increased.
Human resource development should be promoted, without its proper development poverty cannot be removed. The government will have to cut the subsidies being given in various sectors, so that more capital can be made available for the areas of education, health, poverty alleviation, infrastructure etc. Simultaneously privatization of energy and irrigation sectors required reforms in various levels and aspects of governance. Desirable reforms in governance can be brought about only through the process of decentralization.
Along with this, the control of product, labor and market will also have to be abolished. Only then will growth improve and poverty rates will fall. In order to achieve high growth rate and low poverty rate, it is necessary to have strong infrastructure. The participation of both the private and public sectors is essential in this sector. If we consider all these and implement them in a practical way, then undoubtedly poverty can be eradicated.
In the year 1996-97, many misconceptions prevailing at the national level have been broken. The results of the last elections have exposed all the political parties of the country. Suddenly the secret was also exposed that poverty has not decreased, but has increased. This will be the most serious problem of the country in the coming times. Contemplative Development: In the present time, there is talk of eradicating poverty from all sides, but is it possible to eradicate poverty within the scope of the current economic system? If possible. So what could be the policy direction for that.
First of all, three things are necessary to eradicate poverty and improve the lives of the people. The first is that the rate of growth should be sufficiently high so that the total available resources for consumption continue to increase suitably.
Secondly, this development must take place in such a manner that the process of development itself can ensure a fairly equitable distribution of these means of consumption. Thirdly, even while achieving such development, some immediate and interim steps should be taken to eradicate poverty so that the poor do not have to wait for the fruits of this development to reach them. Conclusion: Today the problem of poverty is likely to be the most complex. If this problem is not reconsidered in time and it is not brought back to the center of political economic discussion, then the whole country will be on the path of horrifyingly unbalanced and unjust 'perceived prosperity', the end result of which will not be beneficial in any way.
Eradication of poverty, reduction, a noble goal, was once considered a sacred religion, but in recent times both the poor and their poverty have become the pawns of the political game. Just as political parties and governments formed one after the other have been putting the poor at stake and are still putting it in the same way. Due to this the politicians cook their own khichdi, but the poor remain hungry. The poor have been eating stumbling like football, but others have been getting the credit of victory or the blame of defeat.
Do not go back too much and look at the efforts to eradicate poverty in the last two and a half decades, then the result is visible that poverty has regressed in the country and we have reached the era of 'politically remove poverty again'. If it becomes a revelation that the number of crores of people whose tears were wiped by Bapu started a non-violent movement and the amount of tears in their eyes is not decreasing but increasing rapidly, then the festival celebrated every year in the country and Functions start to seem redundant and redundant.
For the economic development of the country, we started well-planned programs with the help of five-year plans and now we are engaged in the preparation of the ninth five-year plan, but in the meantime, on coming to know that the upliftment of the sections of the society which has been the target of these plans, their exact condition And don't even know the numbers, all of the plannersPrograms are messed up.What is the real number of poor in the country, in what hellish condition they live, what is the solution of their education, health, bread and clothes problems, unless there is a proper assessment, how will those problems be resolved.
This dilemma is still in front of the planners today, but instead of finding any concrete solution to it, efforts are still being made to solve this problem from the political point of view, from the point of view of loss and gain of votes. Shortly before the last general elections to the Lok Sabha, the government had claimed that the country's economic development is fast, people get enough food, food grains are being exported. And the number of people living in the condition of poor (below poverty line) is now reduced to only 18 percent.
Ten years ago this number was 11 percent higher. Then there was hope for the country. That if poverty continues to be eradicated at this speed, then soon there will be no poor in the country. But when the preparations for the Ninth Plan started and the time came to set foot on solid ground, it was found that the poor were not decreasing, efforts were being made to make them disappear under the cover of statistics and formulas.
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