In an emotional address, he stated his support for modifications that would allow his voting reforms to be implemented without the opposition Republicans' backing.
Two Republican senators' reservations are impeding his proposals, and no Republicans have endorsed them.
Currently, a majority of 60 percent is required in the Senate to approve most legislation.
And, with the upper body of Congress divided 50-50 between the two parties, Mr. Biden's massive election legislation is nearly certain to fail unless that provision is changed.
Analysts believe that such a move is improbable since it would require the approval of every Democrat in the Senate, as well as the vice-tie-breaking president's vote.
The proposals, known as the Freedom to Vote Act and the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act, were enacted by the House of Representatives last year.
The former would replace the existing patchwork of state-by-state voting regulations with standardized, national voting standards. Meanwhile, the John Lewis Act would force certain states to get government approval before changing election procedures.
"To defend our democracy, I favor amending the Senate rules in whatever way is necessary to prevent a minority of senators from delaying action on voting rights," the president said in a speech in Georgia on Tuesday.
"For the past two months, I've been having these private discussions with members of Congress. I'm sick of being quiet, "He continued by slamming his fist on the lectern.
Mr. Biden described the effort to approve the law as a "fight for the spirit of America," adding that the Senate's 60-vote threshold, known as the filibuster, had left it "a shadow of its former self."
Joe Biden is renewing his effort for voting reform, but the chances of victory haven't altered much since House Democrats originally introduced the current bundle of ideas in January 2019.
The reasons should be familiar to this administration. Democrats must either gain Republican cooperation in the Senate or modify the rules to allow the Senate's thin Democratic majority to pass legislation on its own. Neither seems plausible, regardless of how many speeches Mr. Biden delivers.
Mr. Biden's trip to Georgia might just be an attempt to appease disgruntled members of his party's base, who think the president isn't doing enough to promote what they regard as the most critical issue confronting the country - and their party - today. However, the prospects for success there do not appear to be promising. Some famous voting rights campaigners are dismissing the Atlanta gathering as "too little, too late."
Stacey Abrams, Georgia's gubernatorial contender and persistent campaigner for Democratic reform, was also absent, claiming "schedule problems."
Mr. Biden may view the next voting rights battle as a national "turning point," but the trend is presently shifting in a way Democrats will not like.
However, in 2019, Mr. Biden warned that repealing the filibuster would be "extremely hazardous," pointing out that his fellow Democrats had frequently used the rule to obstruct Republican legislation. Mr. Biden stated in 2005 that any attempt to abolish the filibuster was "an example of power hubris."
When Republicans controlled the Senate, former President Donald Trump asked for the filibuster to be repealed, but then-Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell declined to go for "the nuclear option," as it is known on Capitol Hill.
Republicans have claimed that Vice President Biden's voting measure would impose dubious national standards on local elections.
Republican Senator Mike Capo, speaking after the president's address, called the two proposals a "partisan, political power grab" and expressed resistance to modifying Senate rules.
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