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It has been over seventeen years since the scientific definition of probiotics was crafted, along with guidelines ensuring the appropriate use of the term. This definition is now used globally, yet on a consistent basis scientists, media and industry misrepresent probiotics or make generalized statements that illustrate a misunderstanding of their utility and limitations. The rate of discovery of novel organisms with potentially therapeutic benefit for both human and environmental health is progressing at an unprecedented rate. However, the term “probiotic” is often misapplied to describe any microbe with plausible therapeutic utility in the human host. It is argued that strict compliance to the scientific definition of the term “probiotic” and avoidance of generalizations to the whole field of probiotics based upon studies of one product, will help advance the development and validation of microbial therapies, and applications to improve human health. Introduction In 2001, an Expert Panel was convened at the request of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and supported by the World Health Organization, to clarify the definition of probiotics. The resultant publication defined probiotics as “Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host” (FAO/WHO, 2002). In 2014, a consensus panel reiterated the definition, with one small change replacing “which” with “that” (Hill et al., 2014). Since 2001, scientific investigation of probiotics has grown substantially. As of February 11, 2019, there were 20,315 papers indexed to the term “probiotic” compared to 760 papers prior to 2001. Commercially, the sales of probiotics are over $40 billion and are projected to reach over $64 billion by 2023 (Global Market Insights, 2016). The probiotic field represents the translational potential of microbiology to humans and animals. Despite well characterized mechanisms for microbial therapies to affect a number of organ systems in the host, confusion persists around the precise conditions necessary for a single microbe or microbial consortia to claim probiotic effect (verb) or qualify as a probiotic (noun). Specifically, a set of guidelines stipulates the need for both microbial strain designation and for at least one human study to be performed on the target host to be considered probiotic (FAO/WHO, 2002). Liberal and loose usage of the term has resulted in  wanting to provide a patient with advice on preventing traveler’s diarrhea (TD) may have referenced a recent meta-analysis by (2018) regarding the use of probiotics as a treatment. This publication used a seemingly appropriate inclusion criteria of double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized human trials with TD as an outcome, and various statistical methods to conclude that probiotics were efficacious in preventing TD. However, a closer look at the listed interventions shows one study that utilized dead and two other studies that included the administration of prebiotics. Caution must be exercised when interpreting such data, given that probiotics must be live (FAO/WHO, 2002; Sanders et al., 2007), and the definition of a prebiotic is a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms     (Gibson et al.,  article is to clarify the term probiotics and urge researchers to employ precision and in both their investigations an