Top most registers use for the data processing in computer

Registers in Computer Architecture

Definition:  Registers are used to store the temporary data/instruction in execution. It contains the flip -flops that have only 1 bit of teaching.

Registers are one of the most miniature sets of data holding places part of the CPU processor. Records can store the instruction, data, data address, and every kind of data. They are high-speed computing primary memory.

Types of Registers: There are various types of registers used for different purposes. They are as follows.

Mainly they are divided into three categories they are

1. Accumulator
2. General-purpose registers
3. Special purpose registers

 Accumulator: Accumulators are used to store the results of the arithmetic and logical operations that are operated by the CPU

When the CPU generates some results, then all the results are stored in it.

The accumulator works as intermediate storage of arithmetic and logical operations. It can also establish the relation between general-purpose resister and particular purpose register.

Steps of data processing through the accumulator

When the instruction is sent through input, the data/instruction goes to the main memory. After that, the CPU processor (ALU and CU) operates the education it stores in the accumulator, and then through output, the results are shown.

General Purpose Registers: General-purpose registers are used to store the temporary data and instruction.

In 8085 microprocessors, it contains six 8-bit general-purpose registers. They are B, C, D, E, H, and L registers.

The combination of two 8-bit registers is known as register pair. D-E, B-C, and H-L. The H-L pair is used to act as a memory pointer.

Particular purpose registers: Special purpose register has a specific control or data handling task to carry out.

Users do not access these registers.

There are so many types of particular purpose registers they are as follows…

1. Program counter: It is used to store and track the address of the instruction/ data executed next.
2. Memory address register (MAR): It stores the address of the current instruction that is to be fetched from memory or the address in memory to which data is to be transferred.
3. Memory data register (MDR): A two-way record used to hold the data fetched from memory or data writing to store in memory. It is also known as the memory buffer register (MBR).
4. Instruction registers (IR): The instruction register is used to store the instruction and data. It is 12-bit.
5. Current instruction registers (CIR): In instruction register which process or called currently executed or decoded.
6. Index register: Index registers in a CPU are processor registers used to modify the operand address during the program's run time.

Register's classification

Address Register (AR): This is used to store the address of the instruction and data. It contains 12-bit of storage from 0 to 11.

Data Register (DR): This is used to store the instruction data; it contains 16-bit storage in memory from 0 to 15.

Accumulator (ACC): This is used to store the total outcome/results after processing the given instruction; it contains 16- a bit of storage in memory from 0 to 15.

Program Counter (PC): This is used to save the data or address of the next instruction or task performed by the processor. It contains 12-bit storage in memory from 0 to 11.

Instruction Register (IR): This is used to store the instruction/ and data of the given task; it contains 16-bit of storage in the memory from 0 to 15.

Temporary Register (TR): This is used to store the interim results. It contains 16-bit storage in the memory from 0 to 15.

Input Register (INPR): This is used to store the input data for the task; it contains 8-bit storage in memory from 0 to7.

Output Resister (OUTR): This is used to store the data of output of the task. It contains 8-bit of the storage in memory from 0 to 7.