ABSTRACT
The focus of research is to explore the facts which were the major cause of political instability in Pakistan since 1947-1956. Lack of effective leadership in the PML ruling party and political leaders made it easier for Governor General to dominate the political scene. The opposition, too, failed to offer an effective political alternative. The constitution which Nazimuddin tried to give to the Nation at the end of 1952 was not acceptable to most of politicians. The Islamic provisions of the proposed Constitution, the representation of the two wings in the future parliament, and the language controversy were the main issues of dispute. So long as Nazim- ud- Din was Prime Minister these issues remained unsolved. He was a gentleman no doubt but he was fail in politics. Governor dismissed the Nazim ud din, who had confidence in assembly. After him Muhammad Ali Bogra succeeded. The Governor dismissed the Nazim ud Din government without any solid reason and gave statement that he was lose the public confidence and failed to control the problems. In Mohammad Ali Bogra, he found a Prime Minister, who never disobeys him. At that time, Ghulam Mohammad made Daulton to resign from the Chief Minister ship of the Punjab. The same year Qaiyum was removed from provincial politics and was brought to the Centre. INTRODUCTION Pakistan emerged 14 August 1947, on the world map. It was created in the name of nationalism. It was the result of great effort of political leaders and Muslims of India. Historically Pakistan has faced crucial problems in political life in the post independent years. Due to crises, conflicts and issues created instability in government and politics. The focus of research is to explore the facts which were the major cause of political instability in Pakistan since 1947-1956. In later to discuss the sustain constitution making process which was the cause of weak political institutions in initial phase of Pakistan. Indian act 1935 was enforced in the country with amendments. Then I will explore analytically the role of Prime Minister Liaqat Ali khan, Muhammad Ali Bogra and Chaudhry Muhammad Ali in forming a constitution. Muslim league was the major political party of Muslims in sub-continent. It played major role in political struggle of Muslims. Muslim league gave the political platform to the Indian Muslims to achieve their goals. But it failed to become mass party in the post independent period. It became the victim of fictions. That’s why other parties were emerged but our government could not found healthy opposition parties, which could criticize the government. Jinnah and some other honest and devotional leaders gave the Muslims a vision which comes true after the political struggle. But unfortunately, we could not found leadership after the Jinnah. Most of politicians work for power capturing.CONCLUSION In August 1947 Pakistan was become an independent state. It was created in the name of nationalism and great political struggle of Muslims and political leaders of All India Muslim League. Many problems inherited to Pakistan, and it was difficult to politicians to overcome these problems. We got country after the great political struggle. But Pakistan’s political system failed in post-independence period. Jinnah disappeared from the political scene in September 1948.Afterthat Liquat Ali Khan tried to tackle the situation. But the provincialism, Linguistic problem and Anti- Ahmadiyan Movement created problem for government. Objective Resolution passed by Assembly, but it criticized and Liquat Ali Khan wanted to frame the constitution as early possible. On October 1951, he was shut down by an assassinated at a public meeting in Rawalpindi. Liquat’s demise, Khawaja Nazim ud din stepped down from the office of the Governor General to become the Prime Minister. He helped Ghulam Mohammed to succeed him as the Governor General in the hope that the new Head of the state would also follow the traditions of parliamentary democracy. But Ghulam Mohammed refused to act as a mere constitutional head and made full use of the powers granted him under the modified Act of 1935 and Indian Independence Act of 1947. Lack of effective leadership in the PML ruling party and political leaders made it easier for Governor General to dominate the political scene. The opposition, too, failed to offer an effective political alternative. The constitution which Nazimuddin tried to give to the Nation at the end of 1952 was not acceptable to most of politicians. The Islamic provisions of the proposed Constitution, the representation of the two wings in the future parliament, and the language controversy were the main issues of dispute. So long as Nazim- ud- Din was Prime Minister these issues remained unsolved. He was a gentleman no doubt but he was fail in politics. Governor dismissed the Nazim ud din, who had confidence in assembly. After him Muhammad Ali Bogra succeeded. The Governor dismissed the Nazim ud Din government without any solid reason and gave statement that he was lose the public confidence and failed to control the problems. In Mohammad Ali Bogra, he found a Prime Minister, who never disobeys him. At that time, Ghulam Mohammad made Daultana to resign from the Chief Ministership of the Punjab. The same year Qaiyum was removed from provincial politics and was brought to the centre. Anti Ahmadiyan movement also create problems for country and government failed to control the situation. At that time military involve in political system. When Martial law imposed in the Lahore, Chief Minister of Punjab was dismissed. So the politicians were as much responsible the intervention of army and Bureaucracy in political system. The ruling party, the PML was itself plagued by factionalism. The power hunger PML politicians were always ready to capture the rule. The opposition was also unable to provide any responsible leadership. The East Bengal- based Pakistan National Congress was the main opposition party and its leader continuously criticism of the PML on various Constitutional and political issues. Outside the CAP, the opposition was concentrated on many groups. The Azad Pakistan Party, The Islam League and Jamaat-e- Islami in West Pakistan and Awami League and Krishak Sramik party in Eastern wing, were more important. The eastern parties became the chief components of the United Front. So the weak political parties, dishonest leadership, political and religious conflicts, Bureaucracy created problems for every government. Since 1947-1956 four Governor General and four Prime Minister were change in centre government and many were in provinces. We could not make constitution for new born state as early and also not established strong parliamentary, democratic political system. Pakistan’s political system was failed and development was sustained due to instability. To sum up of these, the political and government situation throughout that era was very worse and unstable. The power politics dominated and many unconstitutional events were held. Our country was failed to develop strong political system according to parliamentary system. Due to instability we could not pay attention to prosperity and development in initial years.
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