Biotechnology is not a new development in the field of science and education. It has actually been used for many years, but it has not been widely described as biotechnology as it should. In its simplest and easy form, biotechnology means using living organisms like plants, etc., or their products to update or to modify our human life or the environment, or to run a specific process. Biotechnology itself is a combination of biology and other technological sciences to create new, innovative products in the agricultural sector, industrial sector and environmental industries, etc. Products that include medicines, vaccines, plant growth hormones and dietary supplements.
There are nine major areas or fields of this technology and their application in the field of biotechnology. These nine major areas or fields are bio-processing technology, monoclonal antibodies, cell culture, regenerative DNA technology, cloning, protein engineering, biosensors, nanobiotechnology and microarrays.
Bio-processing technology refers to the use of living cells to produce popular products. This method has been used for thousands of years without knowing its true or real scientific implications, such as brewing beer, making wine, and even making bread and cucumbers! Small animals were first discovered in the mid-1800's, and people realized that their biological machinery was the source of these useful products. Extensive research and further research have led us today to the production of amino acids, birth control pills, pesticides, antibiotics and vitamins, etc to name just a few.
Monoclonal antibody technology uses cells from the immune system to make antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are very useful in detecting any contaminants found in the field or area, detecting viruses that may be harmful to food, rivers, distinguishing between normal cells and cancer cells, and more accurately diagnosing any possible infectious diseases in humans, animals, plants etc.
Cell culture simply means the growth of cells without the organism. There are 3 areas or types in this study, which include plant cell culture, insect cell culture and mammal cell culture. DNA Recombinant technology, in the literal sense of it's word, means to reassemble 2 pieces of DNA into 2 different types. These are used to produce new medicines and vaccines for human and environmental cure, to slow down the digestive process, to control bacterial infections and to prevent inflammation, to name a few.
Cloning became very popular after Dolly made the sheep years ago. Cloning technology actually allows the production of identical genes, identical plants, cells, animals etc. Protein engineering is the process of DNA recombinant aimed at developing existing proteins to create new non-natural or artificial proteins. These proteins are used in food processing, drugs development, and industrial production.
Biosensors are a combination of biology and the development of microelectronics. Biosensors find devices that rely on cell specifications and molecules to identify and measure different objects at extremely low locations, which is why they are widely used to measure healthy food intake, safety and youthful nutrition, explosive detection, toxicity, and bio-warfare. Agents, detect and measure contaminants found, and provide emergency room bedside measurements of essential blood components.
Micro biotechnology refers to the research, operation, and production of microscopic buildings and equipment that may contain only one molecule. This field of scientific research enables us to improve the specificity and timing of drug delivery, increasing the speed and effectiveness of diagnostics, and promote the development of green production processes.
Microarray is a genetic and functional study that enables us to analyze tens of thousands of samples at a time. This field allows us to monitor genetic activity, to identify genes that are important for plant production, and to identify genetic mutations associated with disease.
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