Every individual's life and work are closely related to his environment. Man has progressed in various fields of his life such as industrialization, mechanization, transport, science, etc. Therefore, this present age is called the electronic age or space age. But on the other hand, this development has created such conditions that a person may be injured anywhere and anytime.
Despite good measures aimed at industrial safety and the development of safety devices and techniques, the number of accidents is still high in industries, especially in day-to-day life. Indeed there is no definite time for such injuries. These can happen to anyone, anywhere, and at any time. Injuries usually occur in industries and on the farm, during the repair, maintenance, and operation of vehicles of various kinds, during games and sports, and in various everyday situations. These often happen by accident, so it is impossible to anticipate the time and place of an accident. Some may get a fracture; others may be bitten by a snake. So, it can be said that every individual is trapped in one way or another by accidents. At such time, immediate aid is required for the victim before the arrival of the doctor.
GENERAL PRINCIPALES OF FIRST AID
There are some general principles of first aid. If these are followed properly, the worst situation of the victim can be avoided up to some extend. These principles are described below :
1. Immediate aid: If possible, first aid should be provided immediately. At this time, we should not think about useless things. Time is very precious at that moment. So, without wasting any time, the decision should be taken to give immediate aid to the victim.
2. Think about A.B.C.: The person, who provides first aid to the victim, should think about A.B.C. (Airway, Breathing, and Circulation). So, first of all, he should check the through of the victim. He should unbutton the shirt of the victim. Then he should check up on his respiration. If his respiration is not running well, he should be given artificial respiration. After that, the first-aider should check his pulse rate. If his pulse is not felt by the first-aider, he should use the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation technique immediately. In this process, artificial respiration is given, and after that chest is pressed for artificial blood circulation. This process must be repeated at least 15 times.
3. Stop bleeding: If there is bleeding from any organ of the wounded person, it should be stopped at once. The wounded person's life may be in danger in case of excessive bleeding. If his hand or leg is bleeding, it should be raised above the heart level. In case of cut on any main artery, it should be kept pressed with thumb or bandage till the arrival of the doctor.
4. Crowed should be kept away: It is usually seen that people gather immediately when there is an accident. They gather in the form of a crowd. In such conditions, the injured do not get fresh air. So, the first-aider should also try to keep away the crowd from the injured person.
5. Wrap the injured in cloth or blanket: When any accident or injury occurs, the injury should be kept warm. So he should wrap it in cloth or blanket.
6. Sympathetic attitude: The first-aider should have a sympathetic attitude. When an accident happens, the injured person feels fear and terror. He should be treated politely and sympathetically so that he may come out of his fear and be reassured that nothing has happened. The first-aider should perform his duty with calmness and patience.
7. Fluids should not be given to the unconscious person: If a person becomes unconscious due to accidents, he should not be given any liquid because the liquid substance may enter into his windpipe, creating further problems.
8. Medical aid: The first-aider should call in the doctor immediately. For this purpose, he should send some people so that the injured may be given proper treatment in time.
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