HINDU-BUDDHIST GARDEN :
Hindu- Buddhist garden was associated with the temples and the monastery. The design naturalistic rivers, lakes and the forest were considered for the layout of the garden. Especially in flowering plants are Tulsi, Amaranths, and Marigold. Important trees are the Asoka, Banyan, Kadamba, and Pipal. Kadamba tree is associated with Lord Krishna, and silk cotton is associated with Lord Shiva. Amaranthus is associated with Goddess Kali. Shrubs with the fragrance such as Hibiscus, Champa, and Parijatham. Ponds and lakes are filled with pink and white lotus.
2.ENGLISH GARDEN :
The English garden was based on the utility and the formal type attached to the monasteries in earlier days. At that time, medicinal plants, rose, carnation, apple, pear, and cherry are grown in the garden. During the 16th century of Queen Elizabeth period, they had introduced exotic plants such as rosemary, lilies, fountain statue, and lavender. During the 18th century, they introduced the informal style, and at the end of the 18th century, they had introduced the heated glasshouse. The main feature of English garden is the lawn, the terrace garden, the shrubbery, topiary, a rock garden, a glasshouse, Trees, and climbers.
ITALIAN GARDEN:
the Italian garden was built based on symmetry. These gardens are influenced by the Roman gardens and the Italian Renaissance garden. Masonry work is an important component for the Italian cities. These gardens have decorative urns, fountains, a stone sculpture, and hedges. Most prominent, the massive flight of stairs generally made of marble, is completed with the balustrade to connect different garden levels.
PERSIAN GARDEN :
The Persians had followed the oldest styles of gardening based on the idea of heaven. These gardens were strictly based on formal and symmetrical type.
Flowing water and the tree with scented flowers are the essential components of the Persian garden. They had used all the crafted materials such as marble stone, masonry, and curved path. These gardens were present in hilly areas. In the center of the garden, the lily pool is created surrounded by flowering plants such as marigold, roses and the tulip. They had also planted tree species such as cypress, pine, walnut, and fruit species are orange, lemon, almond, fig, and cherry. These fruit species represent the symbol of life, and the cypress tree represents death and eternity.
MUGHAL GARDEN:
Mughal gardens style was introduced by Babur. He had laid out the spectacular gardens in North India during the 16th and 17th centuries. They had also laid out the garden around tomb monuments such as the Taj Mahal. Gardens were symmetrically designed in rectangular or square plots. Main features are
1.Terrace - Normally 7,8 or 12. They symbolize 7-planets, 8-paradise, 12-zodiac sign
2.Running water-water is the life and soul of the Mughal garden.
3.High wall - prevent from the enemy and the summer wind.
4.Entrance -Tall and gorgeous.
5.Baradari -It is a canopied building with 12 open doors in three directions, surrounded by the garden.
6.Scented flowers- they grow scented, beautiful and colorful flowers.
JAPANESE GARDEN :
the Japanese garden was based on their ideas of heaven. They are three plants such as a stone, water, and plants. Main features of the garden:
1. Ponds -Irregular in shape.
2. Stream-natural stones that are bordering the bank
3. Waterfalls - Give mountain scenery.
4. Fountain - Created near the foothills.
5. Wells - Rustic wells are made up of wood and stone walls.
6. Bridges -Arch-shaped have a pleasing eye.
7.Garden lantern(lamp) -stone or the bronze lantern was arranged single with a tree.
8. Stones- symbolize the natural mood, the idea, and the spiritual. The Japanese garden has 5 distinct shapes as the statue, flat, low vertical, recumbent, and arching. In the Japanese garden, there are 5 types: Hill Garden, Tea garden, Flat garden, Passage garden, and Sand garden.
Hope you all get some information about new facts and data about types of gardens that are practically all over the world.
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