1) Top countries in the production of sugarcane:
Currently, about 110 countries produce sugar from sugarcane or beetroot, while eight countries produce sugar from sugarcane and beets. Sugarcane, on average, makes up about 80% of the world's sugar production. During October / September, the top ten producing countries (India, Brazil, Thailand, China, US, Mexico, Russia, Pakistan, France, Australia) had about 70% of global production.
Sugar plants provide alternatives to food production, such as animal feed, fiber, and energy, especially biofuels (sugar-based ethanol) and co-fuels (sugarcane bagasse). Sugarcane is generally regarded as one of the most essential and efficient biomass sources for biofuel production. Various environmental and social problems are linked to sugar production and processing, and growers of sugar plants, processors, and energy and food companies are looking for ways to address sugar production, biofuels, and sustainability concerns.
2) Sugarcane Land Rehabilitation Land:
Sugarcane has been in the field for more than a year, and as a result, the land is being rehabilitated with the provision of two deep plots.
The first plowing is given immediately after the previous crop is harvested with a moldboard plow or tractor.
The earth is exposed to the sun for one to two months.
3) Method of planting:
Flat planting: In this way, shallow trenches means (8-10 cm deep) are opened with a local plow or plow at an area of 75 to 90 cm.
4) Fertilization of sugar field:
Nitrogen should be applied at 60 to 100 kg per hectare (27 to 45 kilos /. 40 ha). The lowest value is light soil, and the highest value is in heavy soils. Phosphorus is one of the micronutrient sugarcane fertilizers you should have.
5) Number of sugarcane plants:
The maximum stalk at harvest time is 90,000-150,000 Stalk / Ha. (achieved by planting 10,000-15,000 cuttings or set with 2-3 eyes or shoots with Ha).
Soil type: Medium to heavy; 5. H - 5.5 correct pH.
Expected yield: 200-300 MT / ha.
Nitrogen - The recommended amount is based on 1 Kg N per ton of plant sugarcane expected, and 1.25 - 1.50 Kg of N ton of sugarcane expected for cartoon plants. Nitrogen should be used at the beginning of growth. For a 12-month harvest, the total amount should be applied within the 3-4 months after planting. It is essential to complete the N application at least five months before the harvest date.
Phosphate - Everything used for the planting according to soil analysis.
Potassium - In heavy soils, the entire recommended amount of K is used as a base dressing. It is best to invest half the total amount as a base coating and another six months later in light soil.
6) Major diseases of sugarcane:
Insects and Common Diseases
Diseases;
Category: Mold
Eye area Helminthosporium sacchari
Symptoms;
Small areas of water in the leaves; waterlogged areas with an eye shape; grass-colored lesions with a reddish-brown stain appear on wet sores.
The cause
Mold
Comments
Outbreaks appear to be exacerbated by cloudy weather, high humidity, and low temperatures at night or by rain or irrigation.
Management;
Diseases can be controlled by using appropriate fungicides.
Pineapple disease Ceratocystis paradoxa
Symptoms;
Setting up not a weed of complete corruption; the soft and middle part of the set is reddish to brown and black; holes in infected internodes; In older ears, the leaves may turn yellow, and the plant may wither; The cut stem has a strong pineapple scent.
The cause
Mold
Comments
Mainly disease setts; the fungus enters the cut edges of the trunk or other wounds
.
Management
The most effective way to treat the disease is to use resistant sugarcane varieties; if you plant the pathogens and plant them in dry, well-drained soil.
Red rot Colletotrichum falcatum
Symptoms
Yellow, dry leaves; red lesions extended to the midribs of leaves can form a yellow grassy center; separation opens the length of the races.
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