1. Earthquake lights
Freund says these lights are the plasma discharge. It happens particular type of rock is under stress and builds up an electric charge. When we push rock together very fast, the charge is relieved through a plasma discharge up from the rock. Coseismic earthquake lights, which happen during earthquakes, are bursts of light coming out of the ground over a space of few kilometers. They rise 200-300 fraction of the second one after another.
They Can come in different shapes, forms, and colors. In recent years they have had some beautiful records of earthquake lights. In history, some of the best records in Peru. In local university security footage when a magnitude 8 earthquake hit the south of Lima. The shock waves were racing through, and as the later waves arrived, there was an explosion of lights.
2. Ball Lightning
In 2012 a team of researchers measured ordinary lightning in a storm-prone region of the Qinghai Plateau in China. Suddenly a ball of light 5cm was accused of appearing in front of them. It burned like a white and red. It was the first natural lighting to be studied. The researchers record the spectrum of light the ball spectrum analyzed to see if they could determine what this unusual lightning was made of.
When an ordinary lightning bolt strikes the ground, it can be vaporized material in the soil. Some of these contain silicon compounds, and under extreme conditions, they undergo chemical reactions to form a silicon filament.
3. Green Flash
It was the very last second before the sunsets. It turns bright green. But the sun has no changed. The flash is caused by the mirage. The atmosphere splits the sun's white light into a separate color; it bends red more than orange, orange more than yellow. The red undergoes the strongest bending effect; it appears to fall past the horizon first, followed by orange, yellow and green.
Normally this effect is very slight to make the last green rays visible. The mirage makes the sun appear much larger than usual. These mirages make a sun seem shimmering waves almost seem liquid as it pours past the horizon. Ocean horizons often produce the best mirages for spotting a green flash.
4. Sprits
The thundercloud is a lightning exchange with the ground; you can find a sudden reddish glow stretching tens to a hundred kilometers. It looks like the straggling tendrils of a jellyfish. Huge thunderstorms can produce these phenomena. Thunderstorms produce a special kind of flash, and they are rare. Maybe only a thousand flashes produce a sprite.
These flashes need to remove a lot of electrons from the thundercloud. The long and slow currents can form in a big storm system reaching 100km across. An ordinary CCTV camera with good night vision can snap a low-quality image.
5. The Auroras
The green, blue, and red shapes of the auroras swirling over the earth's two poles are a visible map of events that happen thousands of kilometers away. When solar wind charged particles from the sun that brush past our planet meets the Earth's magnetic field. The particles from the sun slide along the contours of the magnetic field towards the poles. When they reach the upper atmosphere, they interact with gases. The particles can give the air molecules enough energy to release electrons, causing them to glow in various colors.
Earth is not the only planet with auroras. All you need is the solar wind blowing past a planet that has gases on it and a magnetic field. Jupiter and Saturn are both unique auroras as the gases of their atmosphere are very different. The aurora has an invisible component. Charged particles from the solar wind cause electrical currents in the aurora, which are hard to study from the ground.
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