Top 5 Emerging programming languages in 2021:

Python:

Python is one of the trending languages in the IT industry nowadays and is used in various applications like Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Web Development, etc. It is developed by Guido Van Russum and released in 1991. It is one of the easiest programming languages for beginners, and it supports multiple systems and various platforms.

Characteristics:

Python is a high-level interpreted interactive language. It is used to improve the productivity of programmers. It is one of the best coding languages to study even the most complex applications with ease. It is user-friendly, and the syntax is very easy for newbies too. It works on indentation, but other languages use curly braces. It is portable in nature, i.e., we can run python on any platform like Windows, Linux, Mac OS. It allows programming in Object-Oriented Concepts.

Real-time Applications:

• Data Science is one of the trending fields in IT. Python is also used in Data Science using various libraries like OpenCV, TensorFlow, etc.
• Nowadays, the automation of things is rapidly increasing. Python is used to automate things using libraries and modules. One of the examples is Instagram automation, i.e., to automate the things in Instagram like comments, tags , followers , likes, etc .
• One of my favourite field in Software Industry is Web Development . Python language is server-side, and it is used for developing applications in the backend. Python also implemented in developed using frameworks like Django, Flask, Bottle, etc.
• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning swing the IT field for the last 4 years. Python plays an important role and huge demand because of its secureness.
• I will say in one line about python, " Archive more in less time.

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Java:

Java is a high-level powerful programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995. This language is used by professionals because of its vast and difficulty.Java is still the trending language because of its enormous community and various application. Itt will continue as a strongest language inthe tech world.

Characteristics of Java:

• It is an object-oriented programming language, i.e., everything is considered as an object. It can be easily extended due to its being object-oriented.
• It is platform-independent, i.e., it is not compiled on specific platform. It developed byte code and interpreted by Java Virtual Machine(JVM).
• Java is difficult to learn because of its object-oriented nature but it is based on the concepts to master the java.
• Java is highly secure to develop virus-free systems i.e, authentication based on public-key encryption.
• It is architectural neutral and non-implementation-dependent, simply portable in nature.

Real-time Applications:

1. It is used in mobile app development. Most of the android mobile apps are built using Java language. The Android Studio is used for developing mobile applications like Twitter, Spotify, etc.
2. Java is used for developing GUI (Graphical User Interface) applications. It has frameworks like Swing, AWT for developing GUI applications using built-in components like text, button, link.
3. Java plays a crucial role in developing web applications. It is known as server-side, and it uses JSP, Servlet, etc. Develop various applications like LinkedIn, IRCTC using frameworks like Spring Bolt, Spring, etc.
4. Java is used for game development because it is an open-source, most powerful engine. Its engine is used for designing 3D games. LibGDX, OpenGL are the frameworks used. Some of the applications are Minicraft; Mission Impossible, developed using Java. Nowadays,s IoT (Internet of Things) is a trending technology that devices are connected for communication purposes. The IoT field is gravitating towards the language due to its security, flexibility, and versatility.
5. Cloud-based technology uses Java and it provides an environment to develop applications like LaaS(Logging as a Service) and SaaS(Software as a Service).

JavaScript:

It is a popular programming language and easy to learn. It is an object-based, lightly weighted, and interpreted programming language. It was developed by Netscape and Brendan Eich in 1995. It is integrated with HTML; therefore, it is easy to implement. It is used for client-side (React , Angular) and server-side(Node,Express) applications. It is a translated language but not a compiled language. It is a full-fledged programming language that enables dynamic interaction on web pages when an HTML file is applied. Many websites use this language to provide several forms of interactivity and simplicity.

Characteristics of JavaScript:

JavaScript uses prototypes instead of classes i.e., prototype-based scripting language. In JavaScript , first we define object prototype and the objects are created using that object prototype. The Object-Oriented concepts in JavaScript are Encapsulation and inheritance. According to ES6, the object-oriented has more refined. It also supports Polymorphism and it is an object-centered language.

It provides additional functionalities to many websites to reduce network traffic and server load. It provides greater control. For doing the calculations repeatedly, javascript is used. It does not need to connect to server that would lot of time for performing calculations. Since JavaScript is interpreted by browsers, there are no problems like compilation and compatibility. Therefore it can run on any platform like Mac OS, Linux, Windows.

It supports dynamic typing i.e., based on the stored value, the type of variable is defined in this language, var\let keyword used before the variable to declare the variable. It supports both Client-Side and Server-side applications using React.js , Angular.js , Node.js etc.

Real-time Applications:

1. Javascript has the ability to create robust web applications. For example, in Google maps , Javascript works behind the scenes i.e., click and drag the mouse while exploring.
2. Javascript is used to build an application for non web contexts i.e., you can make applications for things that are not the internet.
3. It adds the functionality/behaviour to the web page and without loading a new page to the quest processing. It functions the web pages to interact with the viewers.
4. Since the browsers are not familiar with game development, the possibility of browser-based games teaches programming by using HTML.
5. At present, robots are ruling some countries. This means Javascript also made a step ahead using Node.js i.e., we can make a flying robot using node.js.

PHP:

It is a prevalent programming language because it is straightforward and open source. It is a server-side scripting language that is embedded with HTML. This language is used to create dynamic content that interacts with the databases. Mainly used for developing web-based software applications. It is used to build e-commerce sites and to manage databases, dynamic content etc. The syntax of PHP is similar to the C language. It is consolidated with the databases like MySQL, Oracle, etc.

Features of PHP:

The source code and software are available free on the internet. Anyone can download any version without paying any cost. The components are cost-free to download and use if needed anywhere.PHP executes faster than the other languages. It uses its own memory for faster processing and better performance; server load and loading time gets reduced automatically.

The other programming languages like C and C++ use length code while PHP can be done similar tasks using few lines of code. It has control over on all websites. In PHP, we can use a variable without declaring its data type also. It will be taken automatically at execution time based on the data type. It is compatible with local servers such as Apache, Netscape, Microsoft, etc. Maintaining the website is highly secure because it consists of multiple layers to reduce malicious attacks and threads.

Real-time Applications of PHP:

PHP is used in developing e-commerce applications. Now a days due to pandemic the e-commerce is rapidly increasing . By using frameworks like CakePHP , PHP we can create e-commerce applications in easy manner. Some of the websites developed using PHP are Magento, ZenCart, UberCart etc.PHP allows to development of the GUI-based application. Tools like  Develstudio , PHP-GTk 2 used in PHP and compiling it into .exe extension.

PHP is used in many web pages and applications. It is server-side-based; over 244 million websites are created using PHP. Linearly, three-tiered architecture(browser, server, database) is used to solve the problems to achieve the features. It is also used to manipulate images. Various libraries like GD library allow rotating, cropping, resizing, adding watermarks, and resulting outputs in formats like gif, wbmp, xpm, png, etc.

In PHP, Ming an open-source library used to create SWF formats for features like shapes, text, buttons etc.

C :

C is a general-purpose programming language developed by Dennis m Ritchie in 1972 to develop UNIX operating system. It is a procedural, widely used language. It also competes with the java language and it is equally popular and widely used by software programmers. The main aim for developing C is for creating system applications that interacts directly with the devices like drivers, kernels etc. It is also known as the mother language.

Characteristics of C language:

C is a simple and procedural language and it breaks down the complex problems into simple solutions in various library functions . This language is intended to do low level programming and it also supports high-level language. However, C is the Mid-level language.

C language is portable in nature i.e., the programs can run on any operating system like Windows, Linux etc. It is faster than the BASIC.C compiler adds the assembly language with a high-level language. For making fast development, various in-built functions and libraries are used.

The language is modular i.e., small blocks of code(functions)ares used to solve the problems and debug easily. It is used for developing operating systems and embedded software. It is a syntax-based language; it follows the rules and regulations very strictly then it is called Tight syntax-based language.

It consists of a vast collection of keywords, operators, data types, and built-in functions to make the code more efficient. It is a standalone language and used an asana interface to other languages.C supports graphic programming and has a rich set of library functions.

In the C language, the compilation and execution of programs are faster compared to other languages. The installation of C language takes short time and it is easy to access to run on any platforms. Debugging in C is pretty easy; the C compiler detects syntax errors and displays the errors with error messages.

Real-Time Applications :

• C language is used to translate assembly language into machine language. It is also used in developing assemblers of GNU.
• Many languages are developed because of fast execution and simplicity. It influences the new programming languages also. C is used in python libraries too. The syntax of C++ and PHP are based on C language only.
• Lots of embedded systems like microwaves, machines are programmed using C language. Using C , the operating systems like Windows Kernel, Linux Kernel and Apple OS X are written.
• C is used in developing software like Premier Pro, Photoshop etc. Since C is faster computational, to perform complex calculations like MATLAB.
• Since C is faster than Java, it is used for game development also. It is used for creating the games like Snake game, Tic-Tac-Toe, etc.
• Language interpreters are created using C language. Python interpreter and MATLAB interpreter are developed using the C language. Using C or C++, the projects are handled in google's open source community.