Top 10 Infectious Diseases That could Be The Next Pandemic

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, scientists were expecting something similar. Extensive communication around the world means that the next epidemic is usually just a plane. In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed a number of infectious diseases that pose a serious threat to public health, most of which do not currently have a few vaccines, with the aim of promoting research in them. He named one of them ‘Disease X’ - a disease that people had never seen before that could cause an epidemic. COVID-19 has been identified as an X disease, and we are now in the process of developing drugs and vaccines against it. Many of the diseases identified by the WHO are usually present in animals, so the chances of an outbreak increase when animals and humans become more close to one another, such as habitat entry, animal husbandry, and wildlife trade. So, this, combined with other factors such as air travel, urbanization and climate change, means that, even after the epidemic has been under control, the power of others is very real. 1. EBOLA Until recently there was no licensed Ebola vaccine. The latest Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) looks set to end, however health officials have not yet stepped down. The outbreak, along with the 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa, resulted in a massive outpouring of funds and resources to cover the epidemic, given its rapid spread in several countries and fears of an even more devastating spread. Ebola needs close contact with humans in order to spread, as it is transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids, especially blood, feces and vomit. This puts the families of the infected people and health workers at greater risk. In February 2020, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, Ghana, Rwanda, Uganda and Zambia approved an Ebola vaccine called Er VEB, manufactured by Merck, shortly after the World Health Organization (WHO) approval. In the past, the goal was to show empathy. Number of diseases: In 2014, West Africa had 28,616 Ebola cases and 11,310 deaths. In the ongoing genocide in the DRC, there were 3,456 cases and 2,276 deaths. 2. VIRUS DISEASE In the same family of viruses as Ebola, Marburg causes Ebola-like symptoms and is transmitted in the same way, by touching blood, body fluids or tissues of infected people. Like Ebola, burial practices involving direct contact with the deceased may lead to the spread of disease. Marburg is incredibly deadly, killing about 88% of infected people. Number of diseases: In 2017, in the most recent outbreak in Uganda, there were 3 cases, all of which died. An earlier outbreak in Angola  resulted in more than 200 infections, 90% of which were fatal. 3. FEVER LASSA Like Ebola and Marburg, Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease that damages organs and breaks down blood vessels, and 1 in 5 people infected with the Lassa virus has serious liver, spleen, or kidney disease. The virus is usually transmitted through the urine or feces of Mastoids rats, native to Africa, through contaminated household items. Health workers who touch patients' blood or body parts can also become infected. Lassa's fever infection can lead to hearing loss long after recovery. While Ebola and Marburg cause rare and deadly outbreaks, Lassa fever causes long-term outbreaks in several West African countries, killing 1-15% of those infected. Number of diseases: Experts estimate that there are between 100,000 and 300,000 cases of Lassa fever each year, with an estimated 5,000 deaths, although the exact number is unknown given limited monitoring and limited evidence of disease in non-stop areas. 4. MERS-COV (MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS) MERS-CoV is one of three coronaviruses that have posed a serious threat to global health over the past two decades. As a respiratory infection caused by a virus, it is thought to spread through a respiratory tract such as a cough, but this has not yet been proven. To date, MERS-CoV has not spread easily from person to person, unless it is closely related. The MERS-CoV vaccine has reached phase 2 clinical trials, although those who are to be baptized are now being tested for its effectiveness against COVID-19. Number of diseases: Since the first outbreak in 2012 in Saudi Arabia, an outbreak of the disease has resulted in 2,519 cases and 866 deaths.       5.  SARS (SERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME) SARS has already caused a global epidemic - back in 2003 - inflicted 8,273 cases and killed 775 in 37 countries, which seems insignificant now, compared to COVID-19. However, there is no guarantee that the SARS virus will not return, and that it has caused a great deal of damage. Similar to COVID-19, the virus is thought to be transmitted through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person sneezes or coughs. Unlike COVID-19, However, when people become infected with SARS they appear to have more severe symptoms, which makes them easier to detect. Infectious disease: In less than a year from the end of 2002 to July 2003, the virus killed 8,273 people and killed 775 people. 6. NI PAH A cousin of the measles virus, Ni pah, it can kill up to 75% of infected people and cause frequent outbreaks in Southeast Asia since its inception in 1998. Stiff neck, vomiting, dizziness and coma. Like many other animal diseases listed in the list, Ni pah is common to bats, especially fruit bats in Southeast Asia. The 2018 outbreak in Kerala, South India, was well-documented, created by the state's strong health infrastructure. It is spread through close contact with infected pigs and raw food contaminated with urine or saliva from infected bats. Respiratory infections such as coughing and sneezing occurs when peoples are in close contact with virus.7. ZIKA  virus often causes mild infections, including fever, rashes and muscle aches. However, in 2015-2016, Zika caused a terrible birth defect called congenital Zika syndrome: in addition to the high risk of miscarriage, babies born to pregnant women infected with Zika are at risk of microcephaly. Recently, scientists have come to realize that babies born prematurely with no symptoms can predispose to complications such as loss of vision later in life. Zika virus is transmitted by a  mosquito, which also transmit dengue virus. The rapid spread of the Zika virus in the western hemisphere in 2015 and 2016 demonstrates its epidemic potential. Number of diseases: In 2015 and 2016, there were more than 500,000 cases of Zika, 18 deaths, and 3,700 babies born with birth defects. 8. CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER The disease mainly affects animals, especially livestock, and is often spread by the bite of an infected tick, but humans can become infected when they come in contact with newly slaughtered animals. There have been reports of human-to-human transmission of the virus through exposure to body fluids of infected people. At the beginning of the infection, the virus causes symptoms such as the flu and sometimes a slight sensitivity or stiffness of the neck that people may confuse with measles, but later patients may develop severe, uncontrollable bleeding. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is found in many parts of Asia, Africa, and the Balkans, where tick-borne strains are found. Number of diseases: In Afghanistan, where crime is on the rise, there have been 483 cases and 59 deaths in 2018. 9. RIFT VALLEY FIVE Rift Valley fever is a mosquito-borne disease that mainly affects animals, but humans can become infected when they come in contact with body fluids, such as blood or milk, from infected animals. They can also be infected by mosquito bites. There is no personal transfer to the person who has written so far. When people become infected, a serious condition can include fever and muscle aches, but severe conditions can cause blindness, inflammation of the brain, or uncontrolled bleeding. Several African countries have been reporting an outbreak for decades, and since 2000, outbreaks of Rift Valley fever have also spread in the Middle East. Like the highly sensitive El Niño disease, the adverse weather conditions, associated with climate change, increase the risk of spread. Number of diseases: During the 2010 and 2011 outbreaks in South Africa, there were more than 250 cases and 25 deaths. 10. PROBLEM Monkeypox produces symptoms such as smallpox, such as widespread pustular rash and fever and fatigue. It is most commonly transmitted through contact with wildlife such as rats and monkeys, but can be spread among humans by touching wounds, body fluids, respiratory drops or dirty clothing or bedding. The vaccine used to eradicate smallpox can also protect the monkey, and a new third-generation vaccine  has now been approved to prevent monkeys. Global migration and the pet trade have caused the monkeypox to spread from Central and West Africa to North America and European countries such as the UK, although all outbreaks have been controlled so far. Number of diseases: In the Nigerian outbreak between 2017 and 2019, 300 people became infected with monkeypox, about 6% of whom died. In the ongoing epidemic in the DRC, more than 5,000 people are suspected of being infected.