What type of business should you start?
One of the first challenges new entrepreneurs face is deciding what type of business they should register. Although there are several different types of businesses, choosing one doesn't need to be difficult. Here are the seven most commonly-used business types and some questions to help you pick which business type is right for your startup:
- Sole Proprietorship: The simplest type of business. Sole proprietorships are owned and operated by a single person and are very easy to set up.
- Partnership: A business owned by two or more people who share responsibilities and profits.
- Limited Partnership: A business partnership, often between business operators and investors.
- Corporation: A type of fully-independent business with shareholders. One of the most complex business types.
- Limited Liability Company (LLC): A mixture of a partnership and a corporation, designed to make it easier to start small businesses. One of the most popular business types for startups.
- Nonprofit Organization: A type of business that uses its profits for charitable purposes. Tax-exempt, but must follow special rules.
- Cooperative (Co-op): A business owned and operated for the benefit of the members of the organization that use its services.
Choosing the right kind of business
A startup's choice of business structure can have long-lasting effects on the way the business is run and operates, including how it files taxes and whether it can hire employees. To help you decide, we've created a flowchart to walk you through the decision-making process:
Decisions you'll need to make when choosing a business type:
- Debt and Liability: Most small businesses and startups accept the personal liability associated with a sole proprietorship or partnership as a necessary risk of doing business. If you're in a high-risk industry (such as selling CBD or firearms online) or simply want to keep your business and personal matters private, you can limit personal liability by filing for a more formal business structure. The downside is that this typically takes more paperwork, costs more to register, and may have greater reporting or upkeep requirements than simpler business types.
- Filing taxes: To oversimplify a bit, you have two options when it comes to filing your business taxes. You can file business profits/expenses on your own personal tax returns, or you can have your business file taxes separately as its own entity. Most small business owners prefer the simplicity of filing taxes on their own returns, but filing business taxes individually can help you keep your personal and business finances separate.
- Partners or Investors: If you're starting your business with a partner or private investor, you won't be able to form a sole proprietorship. You can choose between a partnership (where all responsibilities and liability are shared equally), a limited partnership (which lets you dictate responsibilities and liabilities for individual members), or an LLC (to protect all members from personal liability).
- Hiring employees: Some of the simplest business types—like sole proprietorships—can make it difficult to hire employees down the road. While it's possible to change your business type to grow with your business, if you already have employees or plan to hire employees, it may be better to future-proof with a more formal business structure like an LLC or corporation.
- Are you starting your business for profit or to help a cause? If you're just concerned with helping others and aren't operating for profit, forming a nonprofit can grant you tax-exempt status—although there's a lot of paperwork required.
- Will your company be owned and operated democratically by its members with no single owner? Known as a "Co-op", this type of business is rare.
After you've answered these questions and have decided which type of business is best for your startup, the next steps are dependent on your state and local laws and ordinances, as you may need to fill out additional forms specific to your location and type of business. There are a number of books and resources for this. Many of them recommend using the Small Business Association as the starting point since they maintain local offices. Finally, check your local and state laws regarding running a business out of your home, as zoning laws can sometimes be an important factor in deciding which type of business you want to create.
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