When the problem was started
1947 the year of independence when sub-continent separated, it was independence of Muslims and Hindus who were separated and got freedom from British Empire. After both countries came into being (Pakistan on 14th of August) and (India on 15th of August). Not surprisingly both new countries/nations faced many problems. Comparatively Pakistan was facing more problems as :
• Geographical Problems: developed areas (geographically) goes to India, east Pakistan and west Pakistan were way far away from each other. There was a water dispute most canals comes from Punjab which was given to India.
• Lack of Financial Assets: most of infrastructure, industries, government offices, military assets such as weapons, vehicals and officers goes to India. There was not a handsome amount of financial assets to run a newly developed nation/country.
• Political Problems:
India inherited government buildings, furnishings, even officials from the British. Pakistan had none of these.
India had officials, members of officials, members of the Indian National Congress, with a political experience to take over the government and conduct elections. These people had worked to gain political influence under the British.
Pakistan lacked both the administrative and the government machinery and capital to run the affairs of a new country
The most efficient leader of Pakistan, Quaid - e- Azam was short lived and was dead in 1948.
• Social Problems: Pakistan was mainly made up of five different regions, Indeed some historians said it were really five nations. There were five different groupings:
1. The Pashtuns in the north.
2. The Balochs in the west.
3. The Sindhis in the south.
4. The Punjabis in the north-east.
5. The Bengalis in the east.
These people had different traditions, cultures, languages, and lifestyles. Some of them, particularly Bengal and Balochistan were not completely sure they now wanted to transfer allegiance to new ‘Pakistan’.
• The Accession of The Princely States: there was a dispute of both countries on many areas as Sir Cyril Radcliffe (British officer who was portioning sub-continent) didn’t done the partition so clearly. Among these disputes were Hydrabad, Junagadh, and the…..
KASHMIR ISSUE:
Historically, Kashmir referred to the Kashmir Valley. …In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The Kashmir issue was started on 22 October 1947. The most serious disagreement between India and Pakistan concerned the state of Jammu and Kashmir. This was the largest state in the subcontinent and the fact that it has boundaries with China, Tibet, Afghanistan, and Russia gave it strategic importance. In 1947, most of the 4 million inhabitants of Kashmir were Muslim, but the maharaja/ruler (Hari Singh) was Hindu. It is known that he was trying to win independence for his state and so he delayed joining either Pakistan or India.
The Maharaja, Hari sing, did not treat the Muslim population well. In September 1947, he started a campaign to drive many Muslims out of Kashmir. Over 200,000 fled to Pakistan and finally the Muslims rose in rebellions. The maharaja was forced to turn to India for help to crush the Muslims. Indian help came only after the maharaja agreed to accede to India. But the people of Kashmir were not happy and struggling for independence. Eventually India forced them, India start trying to seize Kashmir. India sent its armed forces and its police to control Kashmir. Pakistan could not accept this, so sent troops to help Kashmir, to help Muslims. Both sides were not strong enough to face a long war. India sought resolution of the issue at the UN security council on 1 January 1948, it reported to the Security Council in August 1948 the “the presence of troops of Pakistan” inside Kashmir represented a “martial change” in the situation. A two-part process was proposed for the withdrawal of forces. A ceasefire was arranged and Kashmir was divided between India and Pakistan. However, Pakistan was angered that retained the largest area of Kashmir, including the capital Srinagar. After pressure of Lord Mountbatten, the Indian Prime minister, Nehru, agreed that a referendum would be held in Kashmir to determine the wishes of the people, ‘once the situation has normalized’.
This referendum has not been held and the ‘Kashmir issue’ remains a major source of discontent between the two countries today. Pakistan has made numerous demands that the UNO resolve the dispute, but, so far, it has been impossible to reach agreement.
Then on 17th of September 1948, while Pakistan was still coming to terms with the death of Quaid-e-Azam , India invaded Hydrabad.
As on 5th of January 1948 the UNO (United Nations Organization) organized a ceasefire between India and Kashmir. However, there was no agreement over the future of Kashmir, so tensions looked likely in time to come.
Cruelty and injustice in Kashmir
… Till today Kashmiri’s are fighting for independence. They are investing their time, money, and even their lives. From that day till today India is taking lives of Kashmiri’s just because they are demanding their freedom just like every other dependent nation. India is doing repeated attacks on Kashmiri’s. For instance, On October 1993, the 13th battalion of the Border Security Forces was accused of arbitrarly firing on a crowd and killing 37 civilians in Bijbehara, The number of reported dead were at least 51 people and 200 were wounded, like this Indian military and police had done many repeated cruel attacks on Kashmiri’s with modern guns, weapons and machineries. .
There in Kashmir Muslims people with a majority can’t even perform their religious obligations freely. India had crossed all limits. They are killing Muslim men, women, adults, children for no reason. The Kashmiri’s are showing a great tolerance to all world. It’s one of the biggest example of cruelty and injustice on this planet, for the whole world.
THE SCENES AND SITUATIONS WHICH I SAW WHEN I GREW UP :
Whole World’s contribution
From the first day the whole world and even the Muslim community is acting like silent viewers. India had sent its army and police there. The whole world knows that Kashmiri’s are in difficulty and India is doing every possible cruel actions to Kashmiri’s. Peoples are being slaughter and killed cruelly. Indian army is demolishing the mosques.
Dismissing the Kashmiri rights
Kashmir has a special status in Indian constitution because it’s not legally part of Indian territory: Article 370 of the constitution of India. Article that gives autonomous status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The article is drafted in Part XXI of the constitution: Temporary, Transitional and Special Provision. India dismissed this law from constitution of India which gives the write to Kashmiri’s for an independent state, government, and constitution.
Reactions
For sure it was not acceptable for Kashmiri’s and not surprisingly they react on it. India reacted on this reaction severely and started killing Kashmiri’s. 1000’s of Kashmiri’s were killed, but they didn’t stop because, they had an Islamic “jihad” power which is in every momin Muslim. Seeing this patriotism, unity, fearlessness, and unstoppable vigorousness India decided to fled Kashmiri’s out of the Kashmir by demolishing and killing there generation from roots till end. It was not tolerable at all for them. So they finally observed that “it’s a clear threat to their lives” and decided that “it’s the time to take action even they lost their lives” they tried to stand up for their legal right according to law and most importantly according to humanity. India realized that Kashmiri’s are unstoppable. Eventually, India imposed curfew on Kashmir valley. India turned Kashmir valley, (known as the piece of paradise on earth) into a prison. All tourists were told to leave the valley. Indian ARMY came and took over the control of valley. The Kashmiri’s were encrypted in their homes. They were not even allowed to go out of their homes. People were dying, being slaughtered. The situations now according to MHC is that at least 20,000 Kashmiris have perished by official count and citizens continue to be abducted, tortured, and killed by rebels, the Indian military, and a network of government-backed counterinsurgents.
9th September / 9th Muharram
Its September/9th/2019 and 9th of muharram al haram. It seemed that the event of karbala was repeating again on today’s Kashmir. There is a curfew on Kashmir from 35 days. 100’s are killed, 100’s are slaughter, 100,s are prisoned and 100,s are dead because of shortage of food, health and medical facilities. Kashmiris have showed there great tolerance to the whole world. Now it’s on the risk of life so, it’s the time of action.
Pakistani doctors
Dawn 6th/September/2019 : Pakistani doctor Ikram Junaidi met the Indian High Commission’s First Secretary (Economics and Commerce) Ashish Sharma and handed him an application to issue visas to 21 doctors who want to go to occupied Kashmir so that medical treatment would be provided to Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, etc, who have been deprived of medical facilities due to over a month-long curfew in the occupied valley,” Vice Chancellor of University of Health Sciences (UHS) Prof Dr Javed Akram said while talking to Dawn.
On Aug 30, the UHS and Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine (PSIM) had signed a declaration that a multidisciplinary team of doctors would be sent to the occupied valley to provide medical treatment to Kashmiris. It was also decided that the team would take the medicines along with it.
Speaking about his meeting with Mr Sharma, Dr Akram said that he had to discuss a number of issues related to mutual cooperation in the health sector.
ARTICLE CONTINUES AFTER AD
“I also took up the issue of the miseries of people of occupied Kashmir and requested Mr Sharma to play his role in getting visa for a team of 21 doctors led by me. I also told him that we are ready to go without cell phone, watches and even can go barefooted, ” he said.
“Initially Mr Sharma said that there was no humanitarian crisis in occupied Kashmir and the situation was under control. However, I replied that, in that case, we should be allowed to go there and after returning we will hold a press conference to inform the public that the situation in occupied Kashmir was normal,” he said.
“However, the diplomat said that it was not possible to provide a safe corridor. I told him that we are willing to go there at our own risk and will give in writing that we will be responsible in case of any incident or casualty of our team members. Mr Sharma was initially hesitant to receive the letter, but finally he received it. We requested him to take up the issue with his government and allow us to enter occupied Kashmir through the Line of Control. Moreover, I told him that, in case of refusal, we will try to go there without visa,” he said.
According to the letter, addressed to the deputy high commissioner of India and available with Dawn, the doctors were concerned about the public health and healthcare situation in occupied Jammu and Kashmir.
Published in Dawn, September 6th, 2019
Tomorrow a team of 75 Pakistani doctors are going to Kashmir to give them medical a treatment along with truck’s filled with medical, health and food facilities/items. There will be member of UNO along with them. They have decided that whatever happens they will go to Kashmir, to help their brothers sisters and mothers Now Pakistan is fully supporting Kashmir. It has been told to many countries about this issue by telephonic communication and by meeting the prime ministers, presidents and foreign ministers of other countries to tell that now after millions of years the last solution is war between India and Pakistan the two atomic countries which could lead to an atomic war and along with these countries other neighboring and other countries of the world could suffer badly. There are high chances of war between these two countries and Pakistan will never step back in these circumstances.
Reaction
They were not even giving them visa to go to Kashmir even legally. Then…. When no one was ready to do something or take some action against this serious issue. The team decided to take some bold steps.
According to Dawn 9/sep/2019
Pakistani doctors are going to take a great initiative by announcing to cross the ceasefire line for providing medical services to Kashmiris and to support people suffering from miserable conditions in the Indian Held Kashmir (IHK) due to over a month-long curfew in the valley.
A team of over 75 doctors along with nurses and paramedics has already reached Muzaffarabad on Sunday evening and they are expecting that another 100 plus doctors would join the team that has planned to cross Line of Control on Monday.
The brave decision was jointly announced by the physicians of the University of Health Sciences (UHS) and Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine (PSIM) when the whole nation is showing solidarity with Kashmiris in IHK on the call of Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan.
A declaration has been issued in this regards for stepping forward to reach IHK to help Kashmiris in the occupied valley. Doctors have written a letter to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) for seeking permission to cross the Line of Control (LoC) to serve humanity under the UNSC’s Reference 2417.
The letter stated that the healthcare situation has worsened in the occupied Jammu and Kashmir as the patients in critical condition were not being allowed to get outside the curfew-hit valley for receiving proper medical treatment in IHK. It said that the supplies of food and medicines are completely suspended which needed immediate attention from the international community and concerned bodies in respect of humanity. The doctors wanted to reach the occupied Jammu and Kashmir for helping out innocent Kashmiris by providing them medical facilities, it added. UHS Vice Chancellor Professor Javed Akram, who is also the founding president of PSIM, asked Indian authorities for not creating hurdles and imposition of restrictions to the doctors’ team decided to reach there (IHK) for medical treatment of Kashmiris.
Talking to ‘The News’ on Sunday, Professor Akram said he along with his team has planned to cross the LoC on Monday after meeting with the UN Representative in AJK. He said he would seek entrance for 21 doctors and if not possible, they would ask Indian authorities to give access to only three doctors of UHS and PSIM on humanitarian grounds.
We have decided to enter Indian Occupied Kashmir from Chakothi with a truck load of medicines and relief goods though we have no idea at all of what the outcome would be on Monday, said Professor Akram. He said he met with the Indian High Commission’s First Secretary (Economics and Commerce) Ashish Sharma on Thursday and handed him an application to issue visas to 21 doctors who want to go to occupied Kashmir so that medical treatment would be provided to Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, etc, who have been deprived of medical facilities due to over a month-long curfew their but the diplomat said it was not possible to provide a safe corridor to doctors.
Speech by Prime Minister of Pakistan (Imran khan) in UNO general assembly
Srinagar, Indian- Kashmir - Firecrackers were set off and slogans shouted in Srinagar, the main city in Indian-administered Kashmir, immediately after Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan finished his speech at the United Nations.
In his UN General Assembly address on Friday to world leaders, the Pakistani prime minister said he feared a "bloodbath" in Kashmir when the security lockdown in place since early last month is lifted.
In his 45-minute address, Khan invoked the spectre of a potential nuclear war between India and Pakistan over the disputed Himalayan region if the UN and the international community did not act soon.
"What's he going to do when he lifts the curfew? Does he think the people of Kashmir are quietly going to accept the status quo?" asked Khan, referring to his Indian counterpart, Narendra Modi.
On August 5, Modi's Hindu nationalist government abrogated Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which granted the part of Kashmir it administers a degree of autonomy, pushing India's only Muslim-majority state into its worst political crisis in 70 years.
India and Pakistan claim the Kashmir territory in its entirety but rule over parts of it. Many Kashmiris demand either a merger with Pakistan or an independent state.
"What is going to happen when the curfew is lifted will be a bloodbath," said Khan. "They will be out in the streets. And what will the [Indian] soldiers do? They will shoot them ... Kashmiris will be further radicalised."
Pakistan PM Imran Khan addresses the UN General Assembly in New York [Lucas Jackson/Reuters]
Khan's aggressive and apparently extemporaneous speech touched a chord with many Kashmiris reeling under the unprecedented communications blackout and travel restrictions in place since August 5.
'We are not alone'
"I felt a solace in my heart when he [Khan] talked at the UN," said Abdul Majid, a retired government official in Srinagar.
"It felt like there is someone to watch our back. It felt that someone is talking for us, that we are not alone."
On Saturday, a day after Kashmiris watched Khan's speech live on TV, Indian authorities tightened restrictions in several parts of the valley, including a number of neighbourhoods in Srinagar, where concertina wires were rolled out on the roads.
While no reasons were given for the renewed restrictions, they appeared to have been sparked by Khan's UN speech, which came almost an hour after Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the Assembly.
In his 17-minute speech, Modi did not touch upon the Kashmir issue, an evasion that angered residents of the region, who said it was "unexpected" from the Indian leader.
"When these leaders are in India, they say Kashmir is an internal matter. When they go to global forums, they say it is a bilateral issue. But they are continuously playing with the lives of people here, pushing millions to the wall," said Muhammad Mustafa.
Khan's speech was the talking point on Saturday among many residents of Kashmir who said they felt buoyed by his words, which appeared supportive of their protests against Indian rule.
Kashmiris have kept their businesses and other institutions shut during the day despite the Indian government claiming the disputed region is moving back to "normalcy".
Dozens of Srinagar residents came out in support of Khan after his UN speech, setting off firecrackers and raising slogans for independence and against Indian rule.
Residents said Islamic prayers blared through some mosque loudspeakers throughout Friday night.
"People now have a reason to continue their resistance as they feel Pakistan is willing to take a risk for Kashmir," said Adil Ahmad.
India and Pakistan have fought two of their three wars over Kashmir.
The two arch-rivals came close to another war in February this year when India carried out air attacks deep inside Pakistan in response to a suicide bombing that killed 40 Indian soldiers in Kashmir.
"We want a solution," said Manzoor Ahmad, 45, as he frantically attended to the customers at his department store in Srinagar's Lal Chowk area before their daytime protest begins at 9 am.
Hopes from the UN
Residents fear there will be an increase in armed rebellion in Kashmir if India and Pakistan do not resume their dialogue soon or the world community does not act.
"There will be a lot of rebel activity if nothing comes out of these world bodies," said Mohammad Amin, a resident from a frontier district of north Kashmir. "The situation will worsen."
While Khan has impressed many in Kashmir, others feel he has failed in mobilizing the world's opinion or in putting more pressure on the Indian government.
Danish Ahmad, a baker in Srinagar, said Khan is fighting it alone for Kashmir. "What he did is impressive but what more can he do, he has no one at his back," he said.
The abrogation of Kashmir's special status was accompanied by the detention of hundreds of political leaders and activists, including pro-India politicians as well as those who had been resisting Indian rule, from the region.
The crackdown against their leaders has made the Kashmiris look towards the UN, which, they hope, will undo India's move.
The separatist movement in Kashmir, which calls for either a merger with Pakistan or political independence, is pivoted around a resolution passed by the UN in 1948.
The resolution promised a plebiscite in Kashmir, which became the bedrock of the region's politics against Indian rule.
The resolution has never been implemented as India rejects third-party mediation on the Kashmir question, a suggestion repeatedly made by US President Donald Trump in recent weeks.
In support of its position, India cites the 1972 Simla Agreement with Pakistan, which resolved to solve the Kashmir dispute mutually between the two arch-rivals.
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