Melanoma is a malignant tumor that is more common in the skin but can be found elsewhere, especially in the eye. Most melanomas appear on the skin. Melanoma is a very serious form of skin cancer. Like most cancers, early detection gives patients a better chance of survival.
Epidemiologic studies from Australia show that exposure to ultraviolet radiation is one of the major factors in the development of melanoma. Occasional sun exposure that results in sunburn is related to melanoma. Those with long-term exposure (external workers) may develop defenses. Melanoma is more common in men's backs and legs in women (occasional sun exposure) and is more common in domestic workers than in foreign workers (in a British study). Other factors are genetic mutations or the complete loss of genes that suppress a tumor. The use of deep UVA sunscreens has been linked to the development of skin cancer, including melanoma.
Potential factors that are important in determining risk include intensity and duration of exposure to the sun, age at which exposure to the sun occurs, and level of skin color. Childhood exposure is a more serious risk factor than exposure to old age. This is evident in Australian immigration studies where people tend to maintain a risk profile of their home country when moving to Australia as an adult. People who have blisters or sunburn especially in the first two decades of life are at greater risk of melanoma.
Righteous and red-headed people are at greater risk of developing melanoma. A person with atypical nevi or dysplastic nevi is at high risk. People who are born with a high birth defect are at high risk.
Family history of melanoma greatly increases a person's risk. Some ‘melanoma families’ show genetic features of the mendelian gene that cause cancer. It is important that people with family members who have been diagnosed with melanoma get tested for skin cancer regularly. Patients with a history of single melanoma are at greater risk of developing a second major tumor.
Do you suspect that you have melanoma?
Any mole or color that is different should be checked by a doctor to determine if it is malignant melanoma, a very serious and life-threatening form of skin cancer. After visual inspection and skin examination (a metal that illuminates the mole, revealing its subcutaneous color and structure of the vascular network), a doctor may diagnose a suspected mole. If it is dangerous, the mole and the surrounding area need to be cut by a surgeon or dermatologist.
Diagnosis of melanoma requires knowledge, as the early stages may be as harmless or even colorless. When in doubt, the patient will be referred to a specialist dermatologist.
How To Prevent Melanoma
Reduce exposure to ultraviolet radiation (sun and sunbeds).
Wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and wide-brimmed hats offers the best protection. Use sunscreen with an SPF level of 30 or higher in exposed areas.
Disclaimer - The information presented here should not be construed as medical advice. If you suspect that you have melanoma, please consult your doctor as soon as possible for diagnosis and treatment options.
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