Cosmic study in antiquity: How did you see the stars before? In distant and distant antiquity, people could not observe planets and comets with powerful Hubble-tile telescopes. Their eyes are the beauty of the sky and the only instrument for performing cosmic explorations. Of course, except for the Sun, the Moon and the stars, human "telescopes" could not see (except Valmim in 1812).
Solor system
Therefore, people can really guess what these yellow and white balls in the sky look like. But even the people of the world were observant of their observation, so they quickly noticed that these two circles were moving across the sky, then disappearing behind the horizon and showing themselves again and again. And they found that not all stars function similarly: some of them are inactive, while others change its position with a complex tendency. So, great exploration of space and what is hidden in it.
The ancient Greeks had significant success in this field. They were the first to discover that our planet has the shape of a sphere. Their views on the position of the earth relative to the sun were divided: some scientists believed that the world revived around the celestial body, while the rest (they were proponents of the world's geological system). The ancient Greeks did not come to a common opinion. Their works and space research were recorded on paper and embellished in full scientific works called "Almagast". Its author and compiler was the great ancient scientist Ptolemy. Renaissance and the destruction of previous ideas in space: Nikolai Copernicus - Did not hear that name? In the 15th century he destroyed the erroneous theory of the geological system of the world and put forward his own, sunrise, which claimed that the earth revolved around the sun and not vice versa. Unfortunately, the interim investigation and the church did not sleep. They immediately proclaimed such speeches, and the followers of the Copernican doctrine were severely persecuted. Giordano Bruno, one of his supporters, burned at the stake. His name comes from centuries, so far we remember the great scientist with respect and gratitude. Interest growing in space: After these events, scientists' attention turned to astronomy. Space exploration has become even more exciting. In the early 17th century, a new large-scale discovery occurred: researcher Kepler confirmed that the orbits around the sun were not the same as previously thought, but were elliptical. Thanks to this event, science has undergone drastic changes. In particular, Isaac Newton was able to discover kinetics and describe the laws of motion of bodies. Discovery of new planets: We know that there are eight planets in the solar system. Until 2006, their number was nine, but after the most recent and distant distance from the planet of heat and light - Pluto - was excluded from the number of bodies orbiting our celestial light. This was due to its small size - much larger than Pluto in the whole of Russia. He was given the status of a dwarf planet. Until the 17th century, people believed that there were five planets in the solar system. Then there was no telescope, so only those celestial bodies determined that they could see with their own eyes. Saturn and its ice rings could not see anything else. If Galileo had not been Galileo, we would have been misunderstood today. This enabled the telescope inventor and scientists to study other planets and see the celestial bodies of the solar system. Thanks to the telescope, it also exists in the mountains of the Moon, Moon, Saturn, and the Moon.
The same Galileo Galileo saw the dots on the sun. Not only did science grow, it flew fast and across borders. At the beginning of the twentieth century scientists knew enough to build the first spacecraft and decided to conquer the expansion of the galaxy. How did space science develop during the Soviet era? Soviet scientists carried out considerable space research and achieved great success in astronomy and shipbuilding. True, more than 50 years since the beginning of the 20th century, the first space satellite has been set up before capturing the expansion of the universe. This happened in 1957. This device was launched from the Pykonor Cosmotrome in the Soviet Union. The first satellites did not chase after the high end - their goal was to reach the moon. The first space probe landed on the lunar surface in 1959. Also opened in the 20th century was the Institute for Space Research, in which intensive scientific work was carried out and discoveries made. Soon the launch of satellites became commonplace and another project on another planet was successfully completed. This is about the Apollo program, several times, according to the official version, the Americans landed on the moon. International Space Race: 1961 unforgettable in the history of space exploration. But even before that, in the 1960s, two dogs visited the universe, known worldwide as nicknames: Belka and Strelka. They moved away from space, became famous and became real heroes. On April 12 of the following year, Yuri Gakaran, the first man to dare to leave Earth aboard the Vostok-1, plowed through the expanding universe. The United States did not want to abandon the Soviet Union in space racing, so they wanted to send thfore Gagarin. US fails to launch satellites: Russia launches device four months ahead of US In space, astronauts such as Valentina Tereskova and Alexei Leonov have already visited. The latter was the first in the world to escape into space, and America's most important achievement in transforming the universe went only in the ecological plane. But despite the Soviet Union's significant success in "space racing", the United States was not at fault. On July 16, 1969, the spacecraft Apollo 11 orbited five astronauts and was launched to the lunar surface. Five days later, the first man entered the Earth's satellite surface. His name is Neil Armstrong. Success or failure: Who won the lunar competition? There is no right answer to this question. The Soviet Union and the United States excelled: they modernized the spacecraft and made advanced technological achievements, made many new discoveries, and took expensive samples from the surface of the moon sent to the space agency. They got it that there is no satellite of the earth, sand and stone, and no plane on the moon. Traces of Nile Armstrong were left on the lunar surface forty years ago and are there now. They simply have nothing to destroy: our comrade has no air, no air or water. If you go to the moon, you can leave your mark on history - both literally and figuratively. To the end: The history of mankind is historical and extensive, including many great discoveries, wars, great victories and catastrophic defeats. The development of extraterrestrial space and modern space research is not the last place in the pages of history. It would be nothing if not for the brave and selfless people like Hermann Titov, Nikolai Copernicus, Yuri Gagarin, Sergei Korov, Galileo Galilei, Giordano Bruno and many more. All of these great men with a brilliant mind, capable of studying physics and mathematics, robustness and iron decay.
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