The quantum world

How Development of the field was done by Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Richard Feynman, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger.

 As scientists gained the technology to measure with greater precision, strange phenomena were observed. The birth of quantum physics is attributed to Max Planck's 1900 paper on blackbody radiation. Development of the field was done by Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Richard Feynman, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, and other luminary figures in the field. Ironically, Albert Einstein had serious theoretical issues with quantum mechanics and tried for many years to disprove or modify it.

What's Special About Quantum Physics? And Where physical processes taking place?

 In the realm of quantum physics, observing something actually influences the physical processes taking place. Light waves act like particles and particles act like waves (called wave particle duality). Matter can go from one spot to another without moving through the intervening space (called quantum tunneling). Information moves instantly across vast distances. In fact, in quantum mechanics, we discover that the entire universe is actually a series of probabilities. Fortunately, it breaks down when dealing with large objects, as demonstrated by the Schrödinger's Cat thought experiment.

How about the particle-wave duality?

Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantum entity may be described as either a particle or a wave. It expresses the inability of the classical concepts "particle" or "wave" to fully describe the behavior of quantum-scale objects. As Albert Einstein wrote:[1]

It seems as though we must use sometimes the one theory and sometimes the other, while at times we may use either. We are faced with a new kind of difficulty. We have two contradictory pictures of reality; separately neither of them fully explains the phenomena of light, but together they do.

Which is the most theoretical basis of modern physics ?

 Quantum theory is the theoretical basis of modern physics that explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level. The nature and behavior of matter and energy at that level is sometimes referred to as quantum physics and quantum. Organizations in several countries have devoted significant resources to the development of quantum computing, which uses quantum theory to drastically improve computing capabilities beyond what is possible using today's classical computers.

When was physicist Max Planck to present his quantum theory:

In 1900, physicist Max Planck presented his quantum theory to the German Physical Society. Planck had sought to discover the reason that radiation from a glowing body changes in color from red, to orange, and, finally, to blue as its temperature rises. He found that by making the assumption that energy existed in individual units in the same way that matter does, rather than just as a constant electromagnetic wave - as had been formerly assumed - and was therefore quantifiable, he could find the answer to his question. The existence of these units became the first assumption of quantum theory. 

Who wrote the mathematical equation?

 Planck wrote a mathematical equation involving a figure to represent these individual units of energy, which he called quanta. The equation explained the phenomenon very well; Planck found that at certain discrete temperature levels (exact multiples of a basic minimum value), energy from a glowing body will occupy different areas of the color spectrum. Planck assumed there was a theory yet to emerge from the discovery of quanta, but, in fact, their very existence implied a completely new and fundamental understanding of the laws of nature. Planck won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his theory in 1918, but developments by various scientists over a thirty-year period all contributed to the modern understanding of quantum theory.

Whose branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter?

 Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter and light on a subatomic and atomic level. It attempts to explain the properties of atoms and molecules and their fundamental particles like protons, neutrons, electrons, gluons, and quarks. The properties of particles include  interactions with each other and with electromagnetic radiation. So below-mentioned are those two pointers one should know necessarily before tackling quantum mechanics.

Why Quantum mechanics is fundamental theory of physic:

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics because that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles.[2]: 1.1  It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum

Wave functions of the electron in a hydrogen atom at different energy levels.

 Whom cannot predict the exact location of a particle?

 Quantum mechanics cannot predict the exact location of a particle in space, only the probability of finding it at different locations.[1] The brighter areas represent a higher probability of finding the electron

 Top Ten books about quantum theory:

1. The Feynman Lectures on Physics, volume 3, by Richard Feynman, Robert Leighton, and Matthew Sands (1964)

2. Mr  Tompkins in Paperback, by George Gamow (1993)

3. The Ghost in the Atom: A Discussion of the Mysteries of Quantum Physics, by PCW Davies and JR Brown (1986)

4. Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg, by David Cassidy (1992)

5. Schrödinger: Life and Thought, by Walter Moore (1989)

6. The Strangest Man: The Hidden Life of Paul Dirac, Mystic of the Atom by Graham Carmelo (2009)

7. The Age of Entanglement: When Quantum Physics was Reborn, by Louisa Gilder (2008)

8. Quantum Reality: Beyond the New Physics, by Nick Herbert (1985)

9. The Second Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Twentieth-Century Physics, by Robert Crease and Charles Mann (1986)