Plant formation and it's function:
In science, Plant system are study in the botany. In Our body is made up of many organs. Similarly, the plant body is also made up of several organs such as root, stem, leaves and flowers. The Stem and leaves are view easily because they are growing above the ground. But root are cannot see easily because it below the ground.
A flowering plant consists of two main parts:
1. Root system
2. Shoot system
1. Root system:
Formation: Root only in the root system. It has below the surface of the soil. Root has no nodes and internodes. It has a root cap at the tip. A tuft of root hairs is found just above the root tip.
The root systems are classified into two type, they are,
(¡) Tap root
(¡¡) Fibrous root
(¡) Tap root: It consists of a single root. So, it's called dicotyledonous plant.
For example: Bean, Mango.
(¡¡) Fibrous root: It consists of a cluster of roots in the root. This type of root is very thin and uniform. So, it's called monocotyledonous plants.
For example: Grass, Paddy, Maize.
Function: Fixes the plant into the soil. It absorbs water and minerals from the soil. Some plants like carrot and beet root store food in root.
2. Shoot system: The aerial part of the plant body above the ground is known as the shoot system. The main axis of the shoot system is called the stem. The shoot system consists of stem, leaves, flowers and fruits.
Stem:
Formation: Stem grows above the soil, and it grows towards the sunlight. It has nodes and internodes. Nodes are the parts of the stem, where the leaf arises. The part of the stem between two successive nodes is called an internode. The bud at the tip of the stem is known as the apical or terminal bud, and the buds at the axis of the leaves are called axillary buds.
Function:
• It support the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
• It transports water and minerals from roots to upper aerial parts of the plant.
• It transports the prepared food from leaves to other parts through the stem.
• It Stores food, as in the case of sugarcane.
Leaf:
Formation: The leaf is a green, flat, expanded structure borne on the stem at the node. A leaf has a stalk called petiole. The flat portion of the leaf is called leaf lamina or leaf blade. On the lamina, there is a main vein called mid-rib. Other veins are branched out from mid-rib. The portion of the leaf connected to the nodal region of the stem is known as the leaf base. Leaves of some plants possess a pair of lateral outgrowths on the base, on either side of the axillary bud. These are called stipples. The green color of the leaf is due to the presence of green colored pigment called chlorophyll. On the lower side of the leaf, there are tiny pores or openings known as stomata.
Function: The green leaves prepare food by photosynthesis. It helps for respiration. And it carries out transpiration.
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