An automotive body depends on the manufacturer consideration with the legislation and regulation, and some on the requirements of the customer most of the manufacturer prefer featured materials which are lightweight, economic, safety and recyclable
Steel:
The main elements of selection the Material especially for the body is involved in a wide variety of characteristics such as thermal, chemical or mechanical resistance, manufacturing and durability steel stands as the first choice for manufacturers with all the required characteristics the improvement or development in the steel industry made the steel stronger, lightweight and stiffer than the earlier steel includes not only vehicle bodies, but also engine, chassis, wheels and many other parts iron and steel develop the critical components of structure for bulk manufacturing of vehicle and are low cost
The best reason for using steel as a body structure is its natural capability to absorb the impact energy produced in a crash widely used in the automotive industry, in chassis and body structure use of can possibly decrease the weight of the vehicle its low weight and high specific energy absorption and precise strength are its most significant is resistant to corrosion, but according to its low modulus of flexibility, it cannot substitute steel parts hence those parts need to be re-engineering to adopt the same mechanical strength
usage in the automotive industry has vastly grown within less period of time in the automotive industry, castings have been used for pistons, cylinder heads, intake manifolds and transmission in chassis applications, it is used as wheels, for brackets, brake components, suspension, steering components and instrument panels is used for body structures, finishing and exterior attachments such as crossbeams, doors or bonnets
Magnesium is another lightweight metal is growing increasingly next in automotive engineering it is 33% lighter than and 77% lighter than steel elements magnesium components have many mechanical disadvantages that need a unique design for automotive products
Magnesium has lower tensile strength, fatigue strength, and creep strength compared to the modulus and hardness of magnesium alloys are lower than while the thermal expansion coefficient is greater as it has low mechanical strength, pure magnesium cannot be used, must be alloyed with other components the most common alloying components for room temperature applications is group, which include, manganese, and zinc
Features:
Lightweight:
As there is a high importance on greenhouse gas reduction, decrease of emission and improving fuel efficiency is the most important one for an automotive company, lightweight metals can improve fuel more than other factors experiment reveal that 10 per cent of weight reduction can lead to 6 to 8 per cent improvement in fuel usage weight reduction can be obtained in three ways
Substituting elements of high precise weight with moderate density material without decreasing rigidity and durability for example, replacement of steel with, magnesium, composites and foams
Optimizing the design of load carrying elements and exterior attachments to reduce their weight without any loss in rigidity or functionality
Optimizing the production process, such as decreasing spot welding and arranging with new joining techniques
Safety plays a major role in the automotive industry, the manufactured body components and the chassis are ensured meeting the quality test
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