Introduction
Public Speaking also called oratory or oration has meant traditionally meant the act of speaking face to face with a live audience. Today it includes any form of speaking (formally or informally) to an audience, including pre-recorded speech deliver over great by means of technology.
Public speaking is used for many purposes, but usually as some mixture of teaching, persuasion or entertaining. Each of these calls upon slightly different approaches and techniques.
Public speaking was developed in Greece and Rome. Today the art of public speaking has transformed by newly available technology such as videoconferencing, multimedia presentations and other nontraditional forms, but the essentials are same
Purpose of Public Speaking
The function of public speaking depends entirely on that what effect does speaker give while addressing an audience. The same speaker with the same strategic intention might deliver the different speech to two different audiences. The point is to change something in the hearts, minds or action of the audience.
Public speaking is frequently delivered to a closed, limited audience with a common outlook. Audience may be the ardent fan of the speaker. They may be hostile or may be random strangers.
Persuasion
The word persuasion come from a Latin word persuader. The main goal behind a persuasive speech is to change the beliefs of a speaker. Examples of a persuasive speaker can be found in any political debate where leaders are trying to persuade the audience who is public or members of the government.
It can be designed as a style of speaking where there are four parts to the process, the one who is persuading the audience, the method in which the speaker used to speak, and the message the speaker tries to convey.
There are different techniques a speaker can use to gain the support of an audience. Some major techniques would include demanding the audience to take action, to use language like we and us to make audience and speaker seen as if they are connected and choose words which have strong meaning which increase the impact of the speaker’s message.
Intervention
The intervention is a new style of speaking. It is a new method which is proposed by a theorist name William R Brown. This revolves around a fact that humans create a symbolic meaning of life and things we interact around them. The symbolic meaning of everything changes around them
History
Greece
In Greece there is public speaking training in Ancient Egypt, the first known piece. It is an oratory which is written over 2,000 years ago. In classic Greece and Rome, rhetoric was the main component of composition and speech delivery, both of which were critical skills which were used in public and private life.
China
Ancient china had delayed start to the implementation of rhetoric to its people. Ancient china rhetoric have three meanings, modified language used to reflect people’s feelings, modify the language used to be more punctual, effective and impactful and rhetoric being used as an aesthetic tool.
Theorist
Aristotle and one of his famous which is called Rhetoric have been used as a foundation for learning to master the art of public speaking. In his work's rhetoric is the act of publicly persuading the audience. Aristotle breaks up the making of the practice of rhetoric in three categories. The categories being the element of speech, the speaker, the topic or point of the speech and the audience. He also includes three types of oratory: - politics, forensic and ceremonial. The political oratory when the goal is to convince someone or a body of people to do something or not. In the forensic approach someone is the center of attention for them to be accused or defended, and lastly in the ceremonial approach someone is being recognized by their actions in a negative or positive way.
Women and Public speaking
Between 18th and 19th century in US woman were publicly banned from speaking in the courtroom the senate floor and the pulpit.
France wright was one of the first female public speakers in the United States, advocating equal education for both men and women through a large audience and the press
Malala Yousafzai is a modern-day public speaker who was born in the swat valley in Pakistan and is an educational activist for children and women. She is known for her inspiring and passionate speech about educational rights give at the United Nations. She also talked about her own experience of when she got shot in the head in 2012 by a Taliban gunman. She received a Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 and is the youngest to be awarded that prize. Her public speaking has brought worldwide attention to the difficulties of the young girls in Pakistan.
Training
Effective public speaking can be developed by joining a club such as Rostrum, Toastmaster international, Association of Speakers (ASC) or speaking circles in which members are assigned to do exercise to improve their speaking skills. Members learn by observation and practice, and hone their skills by listening to constructive suggestion followed by new public speaking exercise.
Toastmaster Internationalist,
It is a public speaking organization with over 15,000 clubs worldwide and more than 300,000 members. This organization helps individuals with their public speaking skills as well as other skills necessary for them to grow and become public effective speakers. Members of the club meet and work together on their skills as each member practices giving speeches while the other members evaluate and provide feedback. There are also small tasks that the members do like to practice.
Rostrum,
It is another public speaking organization found in Australia, with more than 100 clubs all over the country. This organization aims at helping people become better communication, no matter the occasion. At the meeting, speaker are able to gain more skills by presenting speeches and provide feedback to those presenting. There is also qualified speaking trainer that provide more feedback at the meeting. There are also competition that are held for members to participate in. Online club is also available for members where they live.
Professional Speakers
Public speaking for commercial and business events is done by professionals, whose expertise is well established. These speakers can be contracted independently through representation by a speaker bureau. Public speaking plays a large role in the professional world. 70 Percent of jobs involve some form of public speaking.
Modern
Technology
It has also opened different forms of public speaking that are non-traditional such as TED talk which are conferences that are broadcast globally. This form of public speaking has created a wider audience base because public speaking can now be done physically and virtually too. Audiences can be watch from all around the world. YouTube is also another platform which allows people from all over India to reach a larger audience. On YouTube, people can post videos of themselves. Audience can watch videos of all type of purposes.
Multimedia presentations contain video clips, sound effects, animation, laser points etc.
Telecommunication and video conferencing are also other forms of public speaking. Videoconferencing technology allows geographical parties to hear and see each other via satellite or telephone communication system. This technology helpful in conducting large conference meeting and face to face meeting between parties without demanding the inconvenience of level
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