New space tech can charge electric cars in just five minutes: NASA

 Lengthy charging times and charger location are both cited as major concerns of people who are considering electric vehicle ownership.

 A new NASA-funded technology for future space missions may charge an electric car in just five minutes on Earth, paving the way for increased adoption of such vehicles, the US space agency said.

 Researchers at Purdue University, US, developed the Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment (FB CE) to enable two-phase fluid flow and heat transfer experiments to be conducted in the long-duration microgravity environment on the International Space Station (ISS).

 The new "subcooled flow boiling" technique results in greatly improved heat transfer effectiveness compared to other approaches and could be used to control the temperatures of future systems in space.

 This technology can also have applications on Earth: It could make owning an electric car more appealing, the researchers said.

 Currently, charging times vary widely, from 20 minutes at a station alongside a roadway to hours using an at-home charging station.

 Lengthy charging times and charger location are both cited as major concerns of people who are considering electric vehicle ownership.

 Reducing the charging time for electric vehicles to five minutes -- an industry goal -- will require charging systems to provide current at 1,400 amperes.

 Currently, advanced chargers only deliver currents up to 520 amperes, and most chargers available to consumers support currents of less than 150 amperes.

Union minister Nitin Gadkari on Tuesday launched Japanese car maker Toyota's first-of-its-kind pilot project on flex fuel-strong hybrid electric vehicle (FFV-SHEV) that can run on 100 per cent ethanol.

 However, charging systems providing 1,400 amperes will generate significantly more heat than current systems, and will require improved methods to control temperature.

 Recently, the team applied the technique learned from the NASA FB CE experiments to the electric vehicle charging process.

 Using this new technology, dielectric -- non-electrically conducting -- liquid coolant is pumped through the charging cable, where it captures the heat generated by the current-carrying conductor.

 Subcooled flow boiling allows the team to deliver 4.6 times the current of the fastest available electric vehicle chargers on the market today by removing up to 24.22 kilowatts of heat, the researchers said.

 The charging cable can provide 2,400 amperes, which is far beyond the 1,400 amperes required to reduce the time required to charge an electric car to five minutes, they said.

 "Application of this new technology resulted in unprecedented reduction of the time required to charge a vehicle and may remove one of the key barriers to worldwide adoption of electric vehicles," the researchers added.

During the launch, the Toyota Corolla Altis FFV-SHEV, which has been imported from Toyota Brazil for the pilot project, was unveiled.

Speaking on the occasion, Union Road Transport minister Nitin Gadkari said pollution is a big concern in India and the transport sector is contributing to pollution.

Besides Gadkari, union ministers Mahendra Nath Pandey, Bhupinder Yadav and senior officials of Toyota Kirloskar Motor were present at the event.

In Brazil, flex fuel-strong hybrid electric vehicle technology has been introduced by Toyota Brazil.

An FFVSHEV has a flex-fuel engine and an electric powertrain, thus providing dual benefit of higher ethanol use and greater fuel efficiency, as it can run for a significant time period on its EV mode, wherein the engine is shut off.

Flex-fuel compatible cars can run on more than one type of fuel and also a mixture. Typically, a blend of petrol and ethanol or methanol is used.

FFVs provide an opportunity of greater substitution of petrol by ethanol as it is capable of using any of the higher blends of ethanol mix from 20 per cent up to 100 per cent.

Flex-fuel vehicles are available in Brazil, the USA and Canada.