Mathematical history speaks to the origins of statistical acquisitions and mathematical methods as well as commenting on the past. Prior to the modern era and the spread of information around the world, written examples of mathematical progress have been made in just a few places. From 3000 BC the Mesopotamian regions of Sumer, Akkad and Assyria, followed closely by Ancient Egypt and the Levant region of Ebla began to use mathematics, algebra and geometry for the purposes of taxation, trade, commerce and natural patterns, the field of science astronomy and recording time and making calendars.
Evidence from Euclid's Elements (c. 300 BC), widely regarded as the most influential book in history. [1]
The first mathematical manuscripts available are from Mesopotamia and Egypt - Plimpton 322 (Babylon about 2000 - 1900 BC), [2] the Rhind Mathematics Papyrus (Egypt about 1800 BC) [3] and the Moscow Mathematics Papyrus (Egypt 1890. BC) . All of these texts speak of the so-called Pythagorean triples, so, in hindsight, the Pythagorean theorem seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after arithmetic and basic geometry.
The study of mathematics as a “way of showing” began in the 6th century BC with Pythagoras, who coined the word “mathematics” from the ancient Greek word μάθημα (mathematics), meaning “teaching lesson”. [4] Greek mathematics had a great deal of refinement (especially by introducing deceptive reasoning and rigorous mathematical evidence) and extended the mathematical theme. [5] Although totally helpless, the ancient Romans used mathematical calculations, such as exploration, architectural engineering, mechanical engineering, bookkeeping, the construction of monthly calendars, and even the arts and crafts. Chinese statistics have made initial contributions, including the local value system and the initial use of negative numbers. [6] [7] The Hindu-Arabic numerals system and the rules of its application, which are in use throughout the world today originated during the first millennium AD in India and were transmitted to Western countries by Islamic figures through the work of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā. al-Khwarizmī. [8] [9] Islamic statistics, in turn, developed and increased the numbers known to these civilizations. [10] At the same time but independent of these traditions were the figures established by the Maya civilization of Mexico and Central America, in which the concept of zero was given a common denominator of the Maya numbers.
Many Greek and Arabic mathematical texts were translated into Latin from the 12th century onward, leading to further mathematical development in Central Europe. From ancient times to the Middle Ages, the times of statistical reckoning were often followed by staggering centuries. Since Renaissance Italy in the 15th century, new mathematical advances, coupled with new scientific discoveries, have taken place at an increasing pace that continues to this day. This includes the important work of both Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the development of continuous accounting in the mid-17th century. At the end of the 19th century the International Congress of Mathematicians was founded and continues to lead progress in the field.
If we look around, we find that nothing is complete or possible until and unless mathematical methods or formulas are being used. More over human brain works more efficiently and its systematic work become more efficient.
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