The number of deaths, however, remained higher than the estimated 568,000 in 2019.
Prevention of malaria
The important measures to control malaria include controlling or eliminating the vectors and their breeding place which can be achieved by fitting door and windows with wire nets, using repellents, etc., avoiding stagnation of water in and around residential areas, regular cleaning of household coolers, use of mosquito net, introducing fishes which feed on mosquito larvae, spraying of insecticides in ditches, drainage areas and swamps, etc. It can be treated by some drugs.
Symptoms of Malaria
It includes fever and flu-like illness, including shaking chills, headache, muscle aches, and tiredness. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. Jaundice (eyes and skin turn yellow) may cause malaria because of the loss of red blood cells. If not promptly treated, Malarial infection may become severe and kidney failure, mental confusion, coma, seizures, and death may cause.
About 2,000 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States each year.
Globally, the World Health Organization estimates that in 2020, 241 million clinical cases of malaria occurred, and 627,000 people died of malaria, most of them children in Africa.
How is malaria transmitted?
Commonly, people get malaria by being bitten by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. Anopheles mosquitoes can only transmit malaria, they must have been infected through a previous blood from an infected person. When a mosquito bites an infected person, a small amount of blood contains many malarial parasites. After 7 days later, when the mosquito takes its next blood meal, these parasites mix with the mosquito’s saliva and are injected into the person when bitten by a female anopheles mosquito.
Because the malaria parasite is found in red blood cells of an infected person, malaria can also be transmitted through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or the shared use of needles and syringes contaminated with blood. Malaria also be transmitted from a mother to infant through red blood cells.
Risks of Malaria
Anyone can get malaria. People from countries with no malaria can become infected when they travel to countries with malaria transmission and through a blood transfusion (since this is very rare). An infected mother can transmit malaria through red blood cells to her infant before or during delivery.
Risk of getting very sick and dying from malaria
People who have low immunity to malaria, such as young children and pregnant women or travelers coming from areas with no malaria, are more likely to become very sick and die. Poor people in rural areas lack access to health care have greater risk for this disease. As a result of all these factors, an estimate maximum deaths due to malaria occur in South Africa. Most of these deaths occur in children under 5 years old.
Plasmodium is responsible for malaria.
The parasite initially multiply within the liver cells and then attack the red blood cells
The rupture of red blood cells is associated with release of a toxic substance
It is responsible for the chill and high fever recurring every three to four days
These are protozoal disease occuring to people having low immunity
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