How James Webb revealed a brilliant, intricate, early universe full of elements.

If we want to know what happened in the early universe, we need very large and specialized telescopes. To the delight of astronomers and space enthusiasts around the world, James and his Webb Space Telescopes are around the world. We asked three experts what astronomers learned about the universe's first galaxies, and how James Webb's six months of data are already changing astronomy. We'll let you know when it's ready. The James Webb Space Telescope was successfully launched on December 25, 2021. After about six months of moving, adjusting and calibrating, the telescope started collecting data and NASA released its first great images. One of Webb's nicknames is the first optical telescope. This is because Webb was specifically designed to go back as far as possible to the early universe and see the first visible light. These galaxies can be seen in images released by NASA. Jonathan Trump, an astronomer at the University of Connecticut, is working with his team on James Webb's raw data. Looking at the live images released for the first time, he noticed a few things that many non-astronomers may have missed. Most interestingly, these are some of the first galaxies in the universe. He was thrilled to see one of these galaxies from the very beginning of the universe, but when astronomer Ceyhan Kartaltepe of the Rochester Institute of Technology started digging into the data, he soon discovered something interesting. One thing I learned from him is that there are more such galaxies than expected. Kartaltepe not only identified these early galaxies, but also used Webb's incredible resolution to study their structure and shape. Let's assume disks exist because they naturally form in space when something rotates. But we've seen a lot of them. It was a bit unexpected. Astronomers like Trump are not only recognizing the shape of galaxies in the early universe, but are also beginning to determine their chemical composition. He does this by examining the spectrum of light collected by James Webb. We see this distant galaxy for a specific radiation pattern. It is often referred to as a chemical fingerprint because it resembles the specific fingerprint of a specific element in the gas of a galaxy. The universe started with only hydrogen and helium, but as stars formed and elements merged, larger and heavier elements appeared to populate today's periodic table. And like Kartaltepe, Trump has found evidence that events in the early universe occurred earlier than astronomers predicted. You can imagine the universe making a periodic table or creating something difficult... But so far this has not been found. Instead, the universe seems to have evolved quite rapidly. James Webb's discovery has already changed astronomers' understanding of the early universe, challenging many existing theories. Monash University astronomer Michael Brown explains this. “I wrote a research paper in literally minutes of data,” says Brown. The image quality is so good, you can do amazing things in minutes. But Webb immediately began tracking, taking photos from low altitudes and gazing skyward for days and weeks. Webb continues to give astronomers plenty of work for the months, years and decades to come, and astronomers like Brown are thrilled. I've only scratched the surface. Those who are studying now devote their careers to them. And that would be nice. (Talk) (Only the title and image of this report may have been modified by a Business Standard member. The rest of the content is automatically generated from the feed.)