INTRODUCTION:-
Generally, the climate is determined from the average weather conditions of summer, winter, and rainy seasons for about 35 years or more. In short, the environment is an average of long-term atmospheric conditions. Weather can change at any time during the day. Change in weather conditions depends on air temperature, air pressure, humidity, rain, fog, or amount of clouds. Weather affects our daily agricultural activities.
Indian Meteorological Department publishes a daily weather map and a Report of the entire nation. India shows a large diversity and characteristics in climatic conditions. Seasons change in some parts of the earth according to the wind direction. So the winds which change their order according to the season are called "Monsoon winds. India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh.
Pakistan and Myanmar are Asian countries that experience monsoon climates. Seasonal changes Revolution of the earth around the sun and her axial tilt are significant reasons for changes in seasons. Regions receiving more sunlight experience summer. At the same time, areas receiving less sunlight experience winter. Sun rays fall vertically over the Tropic of Capricorn on 22 December, so the southern hemisphere experiences summer and the northern hemisphere experiences winter. Nights in India are more extended and colder in winter.
Similarly, the sun rays are vertical over Tropic of Cancer on 21 June, so the days are longer. Rotation and revolution of the earth directly impact the food, clothing, and residences of men. In monsoonal countries like India, the winter and summer monsoon winds change direction according to the season, affect the seasonal weather, and give peculiar characteristics to the temperature of every season. That is why the climate is called 'monsoonal climate. Variations in the climates of India There are many variations in the climate of India. South India has a peninsular shape.
A large part of North India is away from the sea coast, so it experiences a continental climate. The Tropic of Cancer passes almost through the middle of India. The area to the south falls in the torrid zone, while the site to the north is in the temperate zone.
As a result, there is a significant difference in the temperature and rainfall in different parts of the country, e.g., the temperature in Leh and Dras in the north in Kashmir is as low as -45 C during winter. Sri Ganganagar and Alwar in Rajasthan record 51° C in high temperatures during summer. Similarly, Cherrapunji in Meghalaya in East India gets about 1200 cm of rainfall annually, which is the maximum.
Mawsinram, about 16 km away from Cherrapunji, is famous for receiving maximum rainfall during twenty-four hours. In the west, the deserts of Rajasthan receive only 10 to 12 cm of rain annually. Contradicting climatic conditions are seen in our country when one region has devastating floods while the other faces drought due to intense heat and scanty or absence of rainfall. Some areas face the disastrous effects of thunderstorms, sandstorms, and tropical cyclones. Thus seasonal weather has diversified products. Factors affecting the climate: Some factors on the earth's surface control the distribution and amount of elements of the environment. These are called climatic factors. The following factors affect the climate of India.
Latitude:-
Climatic type on the surface of the earth changes according to the latitude of the place concerned. There is a distance of about 111kilometres between two successive margins. Sun rays fall vertically over the equatorial region; hence it is boiling throughout the year. Distance from sea: The distance of landmass from the sea is another important factor affecting the climate. As a result, coastal regions experience temperate climates, while the environment becomes continental in the interior places away from the sea coast. The temperature of Mumbai in India is moderate as it is near the sea coast, while it is continental at Nagpur or Delhi as these places are far away from the sea.
Altitude:-
As we go higher in the atmosphere from sea level, air pressure, and air temperature decrease, while higher relief gets more rain. Moist air cools down when it rises and gives ruin with the increasing altitude of the mountains in Meghalaya, the rainfall increases. In general, air temperature decreases by one °C for the ascent of 165 meters or by 6.5° C for a rise of every 1000 meters from the earth's surface.
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