Cardiac bypass surgery restores blood found in blocked arteries to improve blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle (coronary arteries) block plaque (accumulation of fat, cholesterol, and other substances). This can reduce or stop the flow of blood to the coronary arteries, leading to chest pain or heart disease. Increasing blood flow to the heart muscle can relieve chest pain and reduce the risk of heart attack. So the surgeons go to the surgery by taking a portion of a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body usually from the leg and forming a path around the closed part of the blood vessel. Surgery involves cutting in the middle of the chest and separating the chest bone and after the dissection, the chest bone is joined using a wire and the cut is sewn. The whole operation can take 4-6 hours. After surgery, the patient is taken to the Intensive Care Unit. A few days after surgery, the patient is connected to monitors and tubes. After being discharged from the hospital, a patient may experience side effects such as these:
• Loss of appetite, constipation.
• Inflammation in the area where part of the blood vessel is removed
• Fatigue, mood swings, feelings of depression, difficulty sleeping
• Muscle pain or tightness in the shoulders and upper back.
A cut on the chest or joint (if the connection was from the leg or arm) may be itchy, painful, numb, or damaged. Surgery can also lead to memory loss and mental retardation. To overcome all the problems involved in bypass surgery, we go to nanorobot, which can change these methods effectively and efficiently. These nanorobots will remove the clots without any surgical procedure. A small incision is made in the female vein to attach the nanorobot, from which it is transferred to the plaque area through its nanocomponents attached to it.
Radiation is absorbed into the circulatory system and its development throughout the body is followed by a fluoroscope or other imaging system that responds to radiation. The main advantage of this radioactive dye process is that it follows exactly
the same approach our nanorobot can take to reach the workplace. By adequately enhancing the photography system, as well as obtaining sufficient data to produce a three-dimensional route map, it will provide valuable nanorobot direction information. A small amount of radioactive material is included as part of a small robot. This will allow its position to be traced throughout the body at all times. After reaching the local area the internal sensor is used to determine the exact location of the plaque and through the TV camera the plaque can be accurately detected. The area where the temperature exceeds the maximum limit set on the nanorobot, will be operated by the nanorobot i.e. that part will be cut with a rotating needle attached to the nanorobot. The TV camera on the phone helps to transmit an external image to a remote control station, allowing users to direct and monitor the internal circulation of the circulatory system.
As soon as the nanorobot detects the surface area using a camera and thermometer, it will open a rotating needle and the diamond burr will grind the crust into tiny particles, which then travel safely through the circulatory system and eventually excrete the body. The cutting process is monitored using a camera and care is taken not to cut the surrounding tissue.
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