In terms of medicine, health, or physical fitness, weight loss refers to a decrease in total body mass caused by a mean loss of fluid, body fat (adipose tissue), or lean mass (namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendons, and other connective tissue). Weight loss can happen unintentionally as a result of malnutrition or a condition that is underlying it, or it can happen as a result of a conscious effort to treat an actual or perceived overweight or obese status. Cathexis is a term used to describe "unexplained" weight loss that is not brought on by a decrease in caloric intake or physical activity. Cathexis may be a sign of a significant medical condition. Slimming is a term used frequently to describe intentional weight loss.
Intentional weight reduction is defined as the loss of total body mass as a consequence of attempts to enhance fitness and health or to alter one's appearance through shrinking. Weight reduction is the primary therapy for obesity, and there is significant evidence that a 7–10% weight loss will prevent the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes and maintain cardio metabolic health in diabetics with a 5–15% weight loss. Weight loss in overweight or obese people can lower health risks, boost fitness, and delay the onset of diabetes. It has the potential to relieve discomfort and promote mobility in people with knee osteoarthritis.
Although weight loss can lower hypertension (high blood pressure), it is uncertain if this reduces hypertension-related damage. [Verification failed] Weight loss is accomplished by leading a lifestyle that consumes fewer calories than it expends. A 2010 study discovered that dieters who obtained a full night's sleep shed more than twice as much fat as sleep-deprived dieters. Although it has been speculated that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial, investigations have found no evidence to support this. Over time, the majority of dieters regain their weight.
According to the UK National Health Service and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, people who acquire and maintain a healthy weight do so most successfully by eating only enough calories to fulfil their needs and being physically active. Changes in food and lifestyle must also be permanent for weight loss to be permanent. There is evidence that counselling or exercise alone does not result in weight loss, but dieting alone results in meaningful long-term weight loss, and a combination of dieting and exercise results in the best outcomes. Meal replacements, oralist, and low-calorie diet regimens all result in significant weight loss. It is associated with poorer outcomes. In advanced stages of progressive disease, the metabolism may change, and they may lose weight even when receiving what is normally considered adequate nutrition and which the body cannot compensate for. This leads to a condition called anorexia Cathexis syndrome (ACS), and additional nutrition or supplements are unlikely to help. Symptoms of weight loss due to ACS include severe weight loss of muscle instead of body fat, loss of appetite and feeling full after eating small amounts, nausea, anemia, weakness, and fatigue.
Severe weight loss can reduce quality of life, impair treatment efficacy or recovery, worsen disease processes, and be a risk factor for high mortality rates. Malnutrition can affect all functions of the human body, from cells to the most complex bodily functions, including some popular beliefs related to weight loss have been shown to have less of an effect on weight loss than is generally believed or to be actively harmful to health. According to Harvard Health, the idea that metabolic rate is the "key to weight loss" is "partly true and partly a myth" because while metabolism affects weight loss, external forces such as diet and exercise have the same effect. They also noted that the idea of altering one's metabolic rate is under debate. Diet plans in fitness magazines are often considered effective as well, but they can actually be harmful by limiting the daily intake of important calories and nutrients that can be harmful depending on the individual and are even able to ward off weight loss in people.
Dieting is the practice of eating food in a regulated manner to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight, or to prevent and treat diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Since weight loss depends on caloric intake, different types of calorie-restricted diets, such as those that emphasize particular macronutrients (low-fat, low-carb, etc.), have been shown to be no more effective than others. Because weight regain is common, diet success is best predicted by long-term adherence. Either way, the outcome of a diet can vary greatly from individual to individual. The first popular diet was "Banting," named after William Banting. In his 1863 pamphlet Letter on Corpulence, addressed to the public, he described the details of a particular low-carb, low-calorie diet that led to his own dramatic weight loss. Some guidelines recommend dieting for people with weight-related health problems, and not for healthy people. A survey found that nearly half of all American adults attempt to lose weight through dieting, including 66.7% of obese adults and 26.5% of normal-weight or underweight adults. Dieters who are overweight (but not obese), normal weight, or underweight may have a higher death rate from dieting.
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