The following are the most important organs and essential of the human body.
(i) The Brain: The brain controls every function of the body. Each part of the body reports to the brain, and it controls the body. Nothing in the body can take place without the consent of the brain.
The continuous beating of the heart, the functions of the vital organs, movement, speech, power to think, is heard and create are all controlled by the brain. This is because the brain gets ng the work done by the body with the help of the nerves spread throughout the body.
The brain requires food and oxygen to function 1 properly. The food is supplied through blood vessels. Lack of oxygen causes damage to the brain.
(ii) The Heart: Our life depends on the beating of the heart. It is located in the middle of our chest. The heart beats 60 to 70 times per minute in an adult, and in children, it beats 70 to 80 times per minute. The heartbeat becomes faster depending on age, exercise, activities, and emotion. For example, while suffering from fever, the heart beats faster.
When we play, our body needs more energy. The body needs more oxygen and food to produce energy. So, the heart beats faster. When we take a rest after doing exercise or playing games, the heartbeat slows down.
The heart has two parts: (a) the upper chambers and (b) the lower chambers. A wall of muscles separates these.
(iii) The Lungs: We eat when we are hungry. We drink when we are thirsty. But, we breathe all the time; while walking, talking, working, or sleeping.
The cells in our body require oxygen continuously for proper functioning. For example, they produce energy from the food we eat with the help of oxygen. This oxygen is obtained from the air while we breathe. So, the process of breathing has to be continuous.
The lung has two lobes. They are placed inside a cage-like structure of bones called the ribs. This occupies the hollow in the chest.
We breathe through the nose. When we breathe, air rushes in through the nose—the hair inside the nose filter the dust particles and other impurities from the air. The nose also warms and moistens the air. This air enters the windpipe.
(iv) The Eyes: Eyes are our assets. We see the beautiful world because of our eyes. Eyes help us differentiate light and darkness, height and depth, size and distance, various colors, shapes, and things. Without our eyes, it will be tough to enjoy and understand the world where we live.
Our eyes are like the camera. The camera holds the image that it captures. Similarly, the eyes also hold the image we see. In a camera, an inverted image of the object is obtained on the screen. In the same way, on the screen of the eye known as the retina, an inverted image of the object is obtained.
The eye consists of the eyeball. It moves with the help of six muscles. The eyelids act as covers. They protect the eyes from injurious foreign matter.
(v)The Ear: We hear with the ears. The external part of our ear picks up the sound from the environment. Then it vibrates the eardrum. The eardrum passes the message inside the ear and makes hearing possible.
Using our ears, we can make out the voices of people and what they are saying. We can also find out what is happening at different places from different sources. So we can judge what is happening around us by listening to sound.
The ear is divided into three parts: (a) Outer ear, (b)Middle ear, and (3) Inner ear. The part of the ear that we can see makes up the outer ears. They pick up sounds from different sources and pass the sound to the middle part of the ear. Then, the sound is sent to the inner ear.
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