ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Environment is the major concerned for living & non-living organisms.
In the last few decades, exploitation of our earth & degradation of environment have totally gone up at over alarming level. We have seen lots of natural disasters, floods, cyclones & tsunamis are striking in earth.
Cause:-
- There is a long history of study & debate about the interactions between population growth & the environment.
- Hundreds of kilometers of coral & other sea life are slowly being destroyed due to offshore drilling.
- Nearly 30% of India's gross agricultural output is lost every year due to soil degradation, counterproductive irrigation & poor land management.
- On India's 7515 kilometers of coastline, overfishing remains a huge problem due to lack of legislation enforcement.
Major Environmental issues:-
- Water Pollution
- Air Pollution
- Soil Pollution
- Deforestation
- Medical Waste
- Noise Pollution
- Population & Growth
Water Pollution:-
The issue of water is becoming still more critical, in view of climate change & related to environmental degradation. 80% of water in India is used by agricultural lands & rest 20% by industries.
Coca-cola factory, which was accused to have destroyed an entire ecosystem for making their products.
Air Pollution:-
Without a doubt, the main contributor of air pollution in India is the transport system. We can live with unclean water for a moment, but it was really impossible so in case of air.
The asthma rate for children in some big cities is now at 50% & rising fast as fast 85% of rural households in India use wood as the number of primary fuel.
Approximately 2.3 millions people each & every day dying as a direct result of air pollutions.
However, India was the 3rd largest emitter of total carbon dioxide in 2009 at 1.65Gt per year after china & USA. The Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Act was passed in 1981 to regulate air pollution & there have been some measurable improvement.
Soil Pollution (Solid Waste):-
Some of the few solid waste landfall India was near its major cities are overflowing & poorly managed like the one at OKHLA.
Recently study national environmental engineering research institute (NEERI) & central pollution control board (CPCB) that measured the emissions from a land fill site called Dhapa near Kolkata & found very high levels of non-methane volatile organic compounds including several carcinogens.
Deforestation:-
This is a huge problem & will just continue to get worse as the trend goes. World annual deforestation is estimated as 13.7 millions hectares a year where India's rank is 10th.
Birds like sparrow, pigeon & crow are becoming rarer. Due to deforestation, India is facing water crisis in urban cities & villages.
Noise Pollution:-
Noise disturbance is the disturbing or excessive noise that may harm the activity or balance of human or animal life. High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in human & an increased incidence of coronary artery disease.
The Noise regulation rules, 2000 regulate noise level in industrial area (75 decibels), commercial area (65 decibels) & residential zone (55 decibels).
Medical Waste:-
Biomedical waste management rules 2016 were also notified by central government on 28th March 2016.
Medical waste is healthcare waste that may be contaminated by blood, body fluids or other potentially infectious material & often referred to as regulate medical waste.
Population & Growth:-
Population growth impacts the system in a variety of ways, increasing the execration of resource from the environment.
Over population is the world's top environmental issues.
We can control population growth with Some social factors such as education, child marriage, contraception use, & regulation.
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