Bio-priming is a highly sustainable approach for*the biological control of the different pathogens (microbes). Application of the different biological control agent is effective against the soil borne plant pathogens. Bio-priming can be more effective when potential techniques for the bio-control agents of many plant pathogens along with the crop productivity. By using costly pesticides, destruction of the root rot plant pathogens is generally carried out in those areas where it can be promoted. This technique is a double purposes technology for enhancing the stress resistance in plant and plant production side by side.
The beneficial property of Plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria (PGPR) to colonize on root surfaces and stimulates the plant growth directly.*Root-colonizing species prominent role in improvement in plant growth. Biofertilizer potential PGPR strains increase nutrient uptake of plants and thereby increase plant growth. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) is a bigger group including bacterial species Bacillus. PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) alone or with nitrogen fixing bacteria is very advantageous for cotton and wheat fields. Most microbes related to PGPR group have different acting principals like as: (AC) aggressive colonization, (PGS) plant growth stimulation and biocontrols. Some useful microbes such as bio fertilizers have many beneficial roles in plant growth promotion. Healthy growth of roots and shoot beneficial in soybean has been observed by the application of hydro priming. Cell enlargement or cell division may boost the shoot and root length and the meristematic growth in primed seeds.
Bio-priming with beneficial bacteria causes the improving the plant growth and make the resistive against the downy mildew disease of pearl millet plants. Bio-priming carried out with rhizosphere bacteria has meaningful effect under the saline condition on the germination parameters of radish seedlings. Plants are also sensitive to abiotic stress, but bio-priming decreases the sensitivity against abiotic stress.
Biological control effect has been observed, while oppositional mechanism of biological control agent can not understand. Different methods of opposite are following, some antibiotics produced by some bio-control agents can assassinate the pathogens; some shows parasitic effect on pathogens; and some compete with the pathogens for food. Antibiosis is a process in which disease is compress while the in certain bacteria this method has been observed to suppress the disease.
Biological control of plant pathogens, for example, the total or the partial defect of pathogen populations by other organisms. In an example, many diseases in which the pathogen having no ability to produce their off springs in certain areas either in the soil, called suppressive soil. Because this soil contains the microorganisms antagonistic effect to the pathogen or because the plant which is condemned by any pathogen has also been entire defense or inoculated naturally with the antagonistic microorganisms during, before or after the invasion of pathogen.
Seed priming is divided into the following types;
Hydro-priming: The adorable method of seed priming is the Hydro-priming in which seed is soaked in the pure water for a while and re- dried until the original weight gained. Under the saline soil and non-saline soil the seed is presoaked for the seed germination, shoots emergence and radical sprouting in different crop species. This is only done with the help of the hydro priming. Hydro-priming has beneficial effect on the enzyme activity required for the early germination.
Anyhow, hydro-priming has some, beneficial effect on the seed germination and the seedling growth which carried out under both conditions (optimal and stress conditions), which has been observed in different crop plants like as chickpea, corn, rice, mung bean and capsicum. Seed yield in various crops can be improved by seed priming in water. The most effective method for better seed germination of onion is the hydro-priming, especially when the seeds were hydrated for 96 hrs as compared to 48 hr. There is a main disadvantage of hydro-priming is that seeds during the priming uptake uncontrolled water.
Osmo-priming: It is a technique by which the seeds are dipped for a certain period of time in sugar solution after that seed dried before sowing. This technique involves in the improvement of seed germination as well as also enhances crop performance under non-saline soil and saline soil conditions. This technique is used to enhance the germination and the seedling growth of wheat seeds. Stimulatory and inhibitory effect of the osmo-priming with boric acid on different plants has been experimented. Seeds primed with the boron also increased the growth of the papaya species.
Halopriming: It is a technique in which seeds are dipped in solution of salts for example CaCl2, CaSO4, NaCl, and KNO3. To remove the poisonous effects of salts, priming with KCl and NaCl and KCl is done which is very helpful. Total amylase and proteases activity in the seed germinating under the salt stress which can be increased by soaking the sorghum seeds in KNO3 and CaCl2.
Solid matric priming: Uptake of water is controlled by the solid matrix priming. During solid matrix priming seeds are mixed in wet solid water and incubated for a certain period of time. After done this seeds are the separated from matrix than rinsed and back to dried. The main function of this type of priming is that solid medium allows the seeds to hydrate gradually and simulates the natural inhibition process which is occurring in the soil. Not only field performance of carrot but also the germination and seed vigor can be enhanced by solid matrix priming. Under the low temperatures, seed treated with the Bacillus improved seedling germination and yield of the maize and okra.
Bio-priming: Seed bio-priming involves in the seed inhibitions together with bacterial*inoculation of seed. Bio priming not only increases the rate of germination and the uniformity of germination, it also protects the seeds from the soil-borne pathogens and seed-borne pathogens. It was well known that most effective method to deal with disease management is the bio-priming as compared to any other techniques including a thin layer (film) coating. Now the days, the essential constituent of agricultural practices is the use of bio priming with the (PGPB) Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria.
Biocontrol of several diseases can be done in the various crops by using the application of Bio-priming. It has been reported that damping-off diseases can be controlled by the use of bio-priming method, such as in cucumber. Application of Bacillus as a biocontrol agent through the seed bio-priming, disease incidence of blight was inhibited, and this method also helps the plants to tolerate the incidence of disease efficiently. In corn plants, biological control agents such as Bacillus applied, which lead to in better control of maize ear rot and stalk rot. In the same way, different biological control agents were applied to seeds through the bio-priming, and there are better biological control in the radish plant, carrot, and in the sweet corn. Microbes are able to colonizing in the rhizosphere (root zone area) and the plant roots can be protected the plants to pathogens through the antagonistic interaction. To reduce the incidence of root rot in the fab bean seeds by the use of different bacterial strains, and it was observed that the use of bio-priming technique can*be used as economically safe and easy to apply biological control methods.
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