INTRODUCTION
Most species have two sexes: male and female. Each sex has its own unique reproductive system. They are different in shape and structure, but both are specifically designed to produce, nourish, and transport either the egg or sperm.
Unlike the female, whose sex organs are located entirely within the pelvis, the male has reproductive organs, or genitals, inside and outside the pelvis. The male genitals include: the testicles, the duct system, which is made up of the epididymis and the vas
deferens
the accessory glands, which include the seminal vesicles and prostate gland
the penis
PURPOSES
The purpose of the organs of the male reproductive system is to perform the
following functions:
lo produce, maintain, and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells)
and protective fluid (semen)
To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex.
To produce and secrete male sex hormones responsible for maintaining.
The male reproductive system.
The penis is an external organ of the male reproductive system. It has two main functions:
Sexual intercourse
During erotic stimulation, the penis
Undergoes erection, becoming engorged with blood. Following
emission, (mixing of the components of semen in the prostatic
urethra) ejaculation can occur, whereby semen moves Out of the
urethra through the external urethral orifice. Finally, the penis
undergoes remission, returning to a flaccid state.
Micturition - The penis also has an important urinary role. It contains
the urethra, which carries urine from the bladder to the external
urethral orifice, where it is expelled from the body.
STRUCTURE OF THE PENIS
The penis can be anatomically divided into three parts:
Root-the most proximal, fixed part of the penis. It is located in the superficial perineal
pouch of the pelvic floor and is not visible externally. The root contains three erectile
issues (two crura and bulb of the penis). And two muscles (ischiocavernosus and
bulbospongiosus).
Body - the free part of the penis, located between the root and glans. It is suspended
from the pubic symphysis. It is composed of three cylinders of erectile tissue - two
corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum.
Glans -the most distal part of the penis. It is conical in shape and is formed by the
distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum. This contains the opening of the urethra,
termed the external urethral orifice.
Erectile TisSues
The erectile tissues fill with blood during sexual arousal, producing
an erection. The root and body of the penis are spanned by three masses Or erectile Tissue.
In the root, these tissues are known as the left and right crura and the bulb of the penis.
The erectile tissues continue into the body of the penis.
The left and right crura continue anteriorly into the dorsal part of
The penis- only forms the Two corpora cavernosa.
They are separated by the septum of the penis, although often incompletely. The bulb forms the corpus spongiosum, which lies
ventrally.
The male urethra runs through the corpus spongiosum-fo prevent
Decoding occlUded during erection TNE Corpus sponglosum is fo a redUCed presSUre.
Distally, the corpus spongiosum expands to form the glans penis.
Innervation
The testes and epididymis receive innervation from the testicular plexus
Vascular Supply
The main arterial supply to the testes and epididymis is via the paired testicular arteries,
However, the testes are also supplied by branches of the cremasteric
artery (from the inferior epigastric artery) and the artery of the vas deferens (from the inferior vesical artery).
Venous drainage is achieved via the paired testicular veins.
Lymphatics
Since the testes are originally retroperitoneal organs, the lymphatic drainage
Is to the lumbar and para-aortic nodes along the lumbar vertebrae.
This is in contrast to the scrotum, which drains into the nearby superficial inguinal nodes.
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