Paralysis is the temporary or permanent loss of motor function. When a patient faces the problem of disease, he may be unable to move his body parts clearly or thoroughly.
According to the position, the neuron is two types.
1. Upper motor neuron: Pyramidal cells and its axon is called an upper motor neuron. Upper motor neurons are the motor neurons that originate in the motor region of the cerebral cortex and cranial nerve with the brain and carry motor information up to anterior horn cells of the spinal cord.
2. Lower motor neuron: Anterior horn cells and its axon is called a lower motor neuron. Lower motor neurons are the motor neuron that originates from anterior horn cell and its process and cranial nerve outside the brain and carry motor information up to the effector organ.
Paralysis is mainly two types of positional lesions of the neuron. those are;
1. Spastic Paralysis: The paralysis due to the wounds of an upper motor neuron is called spastic paralysis. In that case, paralyzed muscles become rigid due to increase muscle tone, and superficial reflexes are lost, but deep reflexes are exaggerated. Muscles are not wasted in that paralysis. Physicians found a Babinski sign in the patient of spastic paralysis.
2. Flaccid Paralysis: The paralysis due to the lesions of a lower motor neuron is called flaccid paralysis. In that case, paralyzed muscles become flaccid or loose due to the loss of muscle tone, and both superficial and deep reflexes are lost. The muscle becomes wasted in the affected area. Physicians found a Babinski sign in the patient of flaccid paralysis.
Cause of upper and lower motor neuron lesions:
1. Intracranial space-occupying lesion: Tumors, Granuloma
2. Stroke
3. Spinal cord compression: Trauma, tuberculosis, tumors, metastatic carcinoma, intervertebral disc prolapses.
Features of upper motor neuron lesion:
1. Power:
Upper limbs: extensors weaker
Lower limbs: flexor weaker
2. Tone: Muscle tone increased.
3. Types of paralysis: Spastic.
4. Muscle wasting: present
5. Reflexes: Superficial reflexes are lost, and deep reflexes are exaggerated.
6. Clonus: Present
7. Babinski sign: Positive.
Features of lower motor neuron lesion:
1. Power:
Upper limbs: extensor lost
Lower legs: flexor lost
2. Tone: Muscle tone decreased.
3. Types of paralysis: Flaccid.
4. Muscle wasting: Present.
5. Reflexes: Both superficial and deep reflexes are lost.
6. Clonus: Absent
7. Babinski sign: Negative.
Cure:
Paralysis is not a disease. It is a medical condition that occurs as the result of a lesion in the positional variation of the neuron. A patient of paralysis can meet cure by timely taking medicines and therapy. When a patient can't correctly move his arms or legs, he might take physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, and proper rest. Physiotherapy helps him to gain the power of the unco-ordinated organs. Occupational therapy helps to turn himself in his previous condition. And if he has speech problems, he might take speech and language therapy. Because, by taking speech and language therapy, a patient can fix out his problem of speech and swallowing. Maintaining a routined life would help a patient to have a healthy life. And the most striking thing is the self-confidence of the patient, which allows him to cure at a higher rate.
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