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Neutrinos are subatomic particles proposed in 1930 by Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli to explain how some radioactive atoms fire forth electrons. Neutrinos are an important aspect of the Standard Model, which is our best description of the universe's particles and describes how the known fundamental particles interact. Attempts to explain a neutrino anomaly discovered in 1995 suggested the presence of a fourth type of neutrino, the sterile neutrino, which scarcely interacts with regular matter.