Swathy Myalil Sureshkumar

Antibiotic resistance is a major global health threat, driving the search for natural alternatives. Bee pollen has emerged as a promising antibacterial agent due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, fatty acids, and enzymes. Its chemical makeup varies depending on plant origin and environmental factors but consistently demonstrates strong biological activity. Studies show that bee pollen is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with lower but notable effects on Gram-negative species. Extraction using solvents such as water, ethanol, or methanol influences its antibacterial potency. Additionally, bee pollen aids in wound healing by reducing bacterial load and promoting tissue recovery. Overall, bee pollen’s antibacterial action is linked to its ability to disrupt bacterial metabolism and energy production, making it a potential natural alternative for combating antibiotic-resistant infections.