Asthma

asthma is a common long term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. it is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. symptoms include eposodes of wheezing, coughing ,chest tightness and shortness of breath. these episodes may occur a few times a day or a few times per week.depending on the person they may become worse at night or with excercise.

asthama is thought to be caused by a commbination of gentenic and environmental factors. environmental foactors include exposure to air pollution and allergens.other potentialtriggers include medications such as aspirin and beta blockers.diagonsis is usually based on pattren of symptoms response to thearpy over time and spiromerty.Asthama is classsified according to frequency of symptoms forced expiratory volume in one second and peak exipartory flow rate it may be classified as atopic or non -atopic where atopy refer to a predispstion toward developing a type 1 hyperseventity reaction.

there is no cure for asthama symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers such as allergens and irritants and by the use of inhaled carticosteriods long acting beta agonists and antileukotriene agents may be used in addition  to inhaled corticosteriods if asthama symptoms remain on controlled.

treatment of rapidaly worsening symptoms is usually with an inhaled short acting beta-2 agonist such as salbutamol and corsticosteriods,magnesium sulfate, and hospitalization may be required

sign and symptoms 

main sign and symptoms are the following.

1.shortness of breath

2.chest tightness or pain

3.chronic coughing

4.trouble sleeping due to coughing or wheezing

         causes of asthama

1. airbone substances like pollen,dusts,mites mold spores,pets dander or particles of cockroach waste.

2.respitory infection such as cold 

3.physical activity such as excersie induced asthama 

4.cold air 

5.air pollutants and irritiants such as smoke

diagnosis of asthma

an allergist diagnosis asthama by taking a thorugh medical history and performing breathing tests to measure hoe well your lungs work.

one of these tests is called spirometry.you will take a deep breath and blow into a sensor to measure the amount of air your lungs can hold and the speed of the air you inhale or exhale. this test diagnoses asthama severity and measures how well treatment is working.

many people with asthma also have allergies so your doctors may perform allergy testing.treating the underluing allergic triggers for your asthma will help you avoid asthma symptoms.

              treatment of asthama

1.inhaled carticosteriod 

2.leukotriene mofifiers.