The strategies adopted for enhancing food production are bound to play a major role in meeting the requirements of food for the ever - increasing world's population in the near future. The biological principles that are applied to animal husbandry will become crucial in our efforts to increase the food production.
Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock. It includes buffaloes, cows, pigs, horses, sheep, camels, goats, etc.
Management of farm and animals : A professional approach to farm management gives the much - needed boost to our food production. The farm management ensures optimum quality feed, breeding and caring. It provides good infrastructure and takes care of sick animals.
Dairy farm management : Breeding, feeding and management of milk animals, production, processing and marketing of their milk products on economical basis constitute dairying. Commercial dairy systems house five to hundreds of hybrid cows and buff allows. The different kinds of products that can be made with milk for a dairy farm.
Dairying provides an occupation and income in all seasons to the farmers. In recent years, dairying has assumed new dimensions with emphasis on modern management methods. Indian dairy Industry had witnessed fantastic growth, since the inception of operation flood by National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).
In a dairy farm management, we deal with processes and systems that will increase yield and improve quality of milk. The following are essential components.
1. Selection of good breeds having high yielding potential, combined with disease resistance is important as milk yield primarily depends on the quality of breeds like Holstein - Frisian Jersey , Ayrshire and Brow surges. Holstein cow yields up to 30 liters of milk for a day.
2. Proper housing with adequate water, ventilation, suitable temperature etc. are necessary.
3. Feeding of cattle with special emphasis on quality and quantity of fodder in scientific manner.
4. While milking, storage and transport, cleanliness and hygiene are of paramount importance. As these processes are mechanized, direct contact of produce with the handle is reduced.
5. A regular visit by a veterinary doctor is necessary.
6. Proper record keeping and inspections would help to identify and rectify the problem at the earliest.
Another important aspect of Animal husbandry is Poultry.
Poultry : It is a class of domesticated fowls ( birds) reared for the production of eggs or meat, or both. It includes chicken, peafowls, ducks, turkeys and pigeons. The birds which are raised exclusively for the production of eggs are called Layers. The birds which are either mating under the age of 8-10 weeks, weighing 1.5 kg and with smooth textured breast.
Scientific poultry management aims at maximizing returns with minimum investment. Poultry farming is spread all over India, both as cottage and large scale industry in India. At present, India ranks 3rd in egg production and 5th in chicken meat production in the world. A.P. is the largest egg producer in India.
The central poultry breeding farms established at Mumbai, Bhuvaneswar and Hesserghatta develop hybrid strains and layers. Indian Veterinary Reasearch Institute ( IVRI) at Izatnagar produces quality broiler strains and poultry vaccines.
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