ANATOMY

Anatomy is the science which deals with the study of form and structure of any animal.When this relates to human body, we call it human anatomy.

The term Human Anatomy comprises a consideration of the various structures, which make up the human body. In a restricted sense it deals merely with the parts which form the full developed individual, and can be demonstrated cto the Naked eye by various methods of dissection. Regarded from that standpoint, human anatomy may be studied by two methods:

1) The vaious structures may be considered as an individual entites-Systematic anatomy;

2) The organs and tissues may be studied as they lie in relationship with one another in different regions of the body-Topographical or Regional anatomy.

The practicle value of the knowledge acquired through dissections of the cadaver by living body and the identification of those structures, which are suseptible of Examination through the skin and we call it Surface anatomy. Additional information on the surface of the living body can be obtained with the aid of Radiological anatomy. Surface examination and radiography of the living body are of general applications, both in health and disease, and are in daily use in medical practise. in addition certain individual organs can be inspected with the aid of instruments specially devised for the purpose, and the text contain many references to the methods of examination.

Systematic Anatomy: The various tissues of which the body is composed are built up in different combinations and varying proportions into organs and structures which can be arranged in a number of groups of systems, according to the functions which they perform. The system are:

Osteology: The bone system or skeleton.
Syndesmology: The articular system or joints.
Myology: The muscular system. (it may be noted that the bony, articular, and muscular systems, grouped together constitute the locomotor apparatus).
Angiology: Comprising the Heart, Blood vessels, lymph vessels and lymph nodes.
Neurology: The nervous system, it is convenient to include the organs of the senses and the skin in the system.

(A) cutaneous system or dermatology or integumentary - this system deals with the skin with its appendages, i.e. hairs, nails, sweat, and sebaceous glands;

(b) The organs of special senses,(i.e. the organs of vision, hearing, smell, and taste).

Splanchology: The visceral system. The heart, a thoracic viscus, is included in Angiology, and the remaining viscera are grouped into (a) respiratory system (b) the digestive system, (c) the urogenital system (d)the ductless glands,

ANATOMY IS ALSO CLASSIFIED AS UNDER:

Applied Anatomy: The direct application of the facts of anatomy to medicine and surgery constitutes the subjects of applies anatomy.
Comparative Anatomy: Comparison of the structure of different Animals and Plants, one with another.
Developmental Anatomy: structural embryology.
Gross Anatomy: That deals with the structures visible with the unaided eye.
Radiology Anatomy: The study of anatomy of tissues based on their visualization on X-ray films.
Special Anatomy: The study of particular organs or parts.
Topographic Anatomy: The study of parts in their relation to surronding parts.
Pathologic Anatomy: That of diseased tissues.
Phylogeny: The Complete develop-mental history of a race of group of organisms.
Embryology: The size of the development of the individual during the embryonic stage and, by Extension, in several or evenall preceding and subsequent stages of the life cycle (i.e. from the fertiliztion of the ovum to the birth of the child).
Teratology: That division of embryology and pathalogy dealing with abnormal development and congenital deformations (including there nature and causation).

- --------------------------------------------------------------- -