An earthquake happens when vibrational caused by the movement of rock along a fault or fracture that exist in earths crust. as the tectonic plate push against,push against pull away from grind past or dive under one another fault zones are created sometime tension build up along a fault and further movement can cause the release of energy in the form of seismic waves or vibration in earths crust the vibration ripple violently through the crust causing an earthquake
Faults northcrest contain different forms depending upon the kind of tectonic stress involved the strength of the rock the presence of the groundwater along the fault plane area of contact between the plates movement along faults can be faster or slow. Abrupt movement causes earthquake movement so slow as to be imperceptible is called fault creep
A severe earthquake can produce underground movement forward and back up and down slide to slide and wave like ripple’s says McGrath around the world since at least a million earthquake moment a year. people barely receive most of these. like volcanic eruptions, most Earthquake happen along the edges of tectonic plates. California San Andreas Fault, for example, is a zone where the slow slideway movement of slab has pushed rock formations some 350 miles from their sources. Major earthquake tend to produce dangerous side effects such as landslides and sunami's Adding greatly to the destruction and casualties.
What is a tsunami?
A tsunami is a deadly series of seismic waves ocean waves triggered primarily by the movement of ocean floor during strong earthquakes. Volcanic eruption in or near the ocean may also cause sunami’s. Sunami’s generally cause major damage to coastline and can cause death. The worst tsunami in history occurred after a 9.0 earthquake off the North West coast of Sumatra ,Indonesia on December 26 2004 the resulting oceanwide tsunami struck Thailand Malaysia srilanca India the Maldives and Africa.nearly a quarter million people died as a result. A tidal wave is an ocean wave of unusual strength caused by the same title force that create the daily title and flow One such wave appears annually at China’s hangzhou bay
Methods for measuring earthquakes
until recently scientists measuring earthquakes mostly used the richer scale developed by US seismologists Charles F Richard and Benno Gutenberg in the 1930s and 1940s in their log rhythmic scale of earthquake magnitude each number represents an intensity 10 times greater than the previous one no earthquake has exceeded a value of 9.5which occurred in chili on May 22, 1960
The richer scale measures only magnitude other scales categorize earthquakes by other criteria the moment magnitude scale is based on the seismic movement the area of rock displacing the rigidity of the drop and the average distance of displacement knew line the Mercalli intensity scale uses Roman numerals to rate an earthquake by its effect on the surrounding during an earthquake rated one people feel no earth moment during 05 almost everyone feels moment trees might shaken liquid might spy during a 10 most building foundations are destroid dams break and cracks in the ground show
Seismic waves - vibration generated by earthquake explosion or similar phenomenon propagated within the earth or along its surface
Fast fact the average rate of motion across the San Andreas Fault is the same rate at which fingernails grow
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