What is diabetes:
It is a group of diseases characterized by high concentrations of blood glucose due to dysfunction in insulin production, action or both. Abnormalities or Deficiency in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism are also present.
How does diabetes affect the human body?
People with diabetes whose bodies do not produce or respond to insulin, a hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells needed for the use or storage of body fat. Without active insulin, hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) occurs, which can lead to serious complications and premature death. However, it can be controlled by certain dietary adjustments and lifestyle.
The most common symptoms of diabetes are the following:
Increasing thirst
frequent urination
increasing hunger
You feel tired all the time
severe fatigue
changes in vision
skin diseases
itching or numbness that you may feel on your hands or feet on the edges
gum disease
Hair loss and many others.
The different types of diabetes are;
Type I Diabetes (diabetes mellitus or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus): When diagnosed, such people often become overweight and suffer from excessive thirst, frequent urination, and unintended weight loss. A key factor is the destruction of B-cell pancreas, which often leads to complete insulin deficiency and causes hyperglycemia, polyuria (excessive urination), polydypsia (excessive thirst), weight loss, dehydration, ketoacidosis and imbalance of electrolyte.
Type II Diabetes (Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus begins in adults): It is a type of diabetes that commonly occurs in people over the age of 30, formerly known as NIDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). It is usually a pet disease. It is the most common type of diabetes.
Conditions associated with type 2 diabetes include high blood sugar and low blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90 to 95 percent of all cases of diabetes. Up to 2/3 of people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms.
Pre-Diabetes, the stage of ineffective glucose homeostasis that includes IFG (impaired fasting glucose) and IGT (impaired glucose tolerance) is called prediabetes. People with diabetes can have both IFG and IGT. These people should be closely monitored because they are at high risk for future diabetes and CVD (cardiovascular disease).
Gestational Diabetes, is a type of diabetes that can be found in some women during pregnancy.
Problems associated with diabetes:
Diabetes can lead to many problems, such as kidney damage, heart disease, nerve damage, hypoglycemia (severe hypoglycemia). It is a dangerous disease and there is no cure for it. However, it can be controlled with a special diabetes diet.
Dietary-controlled foods or calories:
It controls calories, carbohydrates, proteins and fats in equal amounts to meet nutritional needs, controls blood sugar levels, and controls weight.
Portion control is used at meal times as stated in the American Dietary Association "Dietary Planning Exchange."
The most commonly used calorie levels are 1200, 1500, 1800, 2000 calories.
Principles of Healthy Eating Treatment for People with Diabetes include:
Maintain good blood glucose levels.
Get a balanced Lipid profile that reduces the risk of heart disease.
Maintain normal blood pressure levels to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Treating chronic problems: take equal amounts of nutrients to prevent obesity, CVD, Hypertension, and nephropathy.
Choose nutritious foods and include exercise in your daily routine.
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