Database management system (DBMS) is a software that handles storage, retrieval and updating of data in the computer management system.
Advantages of DBMS over file processing system:
1. Controlling Redundancy
2. Maintaining Integrity
3. Avoiding Inconsistency
4. Data sharing
5. Restricting unauthorized access
6. Providing Backup and Recovery
7. Better Security
1. Controlling Redundancy: It can control data redundancy because it stores all the data in one single database file, and that recorded data is placed in the database.
2. Maintaining Integrity: The integrity means that the correct information is stored together in database. If we like to keep some constraints on data, then it is called as integrity constraints. Take the example of banking system. There are certain rules for maintaining minimum balance in and account, then transaction does not take place within this amount.
3. Avoiding Inconsistency: Data inconsistency exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places. For example, data inconsistency exists when a company’s sales department stores a sales representative’s name as “Bill Brown” and the company’s personnel department stores that same person’s name as “William G. Brown,” or when the company’s regional sales office shows the price of a product as $45.95 and its national sales office shows the same product’s price as $43.95.
4. Data sharing: In DBMS, the authorized users of an organization can share the data among multiple users. Many remote users can also access the database simultaneously and share the data between themselves.
5. Restricting unauthorized access: Data Security is a vital concept in a database. Only authorized users should be allowed to access the database, and their identity should be authenticated using a username and password. Unauthorized users should not be allowed to access the database under any circumstances as it violates the integrity constraints.
6. Providing Backup and Recovery: Database Management System automatically takes care of backup and recovery. The users don't need to back up data periodically because this is taken care of by the DBMS. Moreover, it also restores the database after a crash or system failure to its previous condition.
7. Better Security: The more users access the data, the greater the risks of data security breaches. Corporations invest considerable amounts of time, effort, and money to ensure that corporate data are used properly. A DBMS provides a framework for better enforcement of data privacy and security policies.
Applications of DBMS:
1. Banking: For customer information, account activities, payments, deposits, loans, etc.
2. Airlines: For reservations and schedule information.
3. Universities: For student information, course registrations, colleges and grades.
4. Telecommunication: It helps to keep call records, monthly bills, maintaining balances, etc.
5. Finance: For storing information about stock, sales, and purchases of financial instruments like stocks and bonds.
6. Sales: Use for storing customer, product & sales information.
7. Manufacturing: It is used for the management of supply chain and for tracking production of items. Inventories status in warehouses.
8. HR Management: For information about employees, salaries, payroll, deduction, generation of paychecks, etc.
Three Level Architecture of DBMS:
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Conceptual level
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Physical level
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