4 things to know about an electrolyte present in our body "The PHOSPHATE" (Functions, Normal range, Hypo and Hyper state)
Readers, I believe that there is nothing more exciting than learning a new fact about yours and mines mysterious "Human Body." But most of the time, it becomes boring to read plenty of information. So to make it interesting today, I wanted to represent this knowledge by making a simple story. Let's proceed...
Today, I talked with one of my nerd friends, which was a great mistake for me. Nothing bro, just I said, what if there is no phosphate in our body??
Okay, my friend started... What do you think about where you get your energy, which you use for daily household work purposes??
Oh! Dear friend, please dont start your lecture here.
No, no, I am not starting.. please answer.
Okay --Adenosine tri (phosphate) --Nicotinamide adenine di nucleotide (phosphate) --
Can you mention two important components of your bones?
Calcium and (phosphate)
[ 85% of phosphates are in bone, and they combine with calcium to form hydroxyapatite, which makes bones hard, 1% in EC, F and 14 % intracellular.]
--what about your teeth? Is their phosphate?
-yeah, of course -
so let me tell you about some very very important functions of phosphate in our body...
Functions of phosphate
1. Bone mineralization
2. Participate in energy metabolism( storage and transfer of energy as ATP)
3. Act as a buffer and facilitate urinary excretion.
4. Act as the component of intracellular second messenger and participate in signal transduction.
5. Facilitate respiratory chain activity
6. Component of phospholipid, nucleotide, and nucleic acid.
7. Component of 2, 3-BPG, and regulate oxygen transport.
8. Helps in regulation of enzyme activity by covalent modification of enzyme.
- bro!! Please stop! I can't more functions
--okay, then I gonna explain the regulatory mechanism of it. Do you have the patience to stay with me
-Wait! You didn't say about the normal range of phosphate. What will I regulate here? --okay, am saying.
◇The normal range of phosphate: --
listen,
phosphates are present in the kid's body 4-7 mg/dl
phosphates are present in the adult's body 2.5- 4.5mg/dL
Now, say if phosphate increases, then what should I do?? --
Uhh, you have nothing to do. All the functions will be carried by calcitriol and parathyroid hormone.
You see FIG-1 ( regulation of phosphate concentration in case of hyperphosphatemia )
&
(FIG-2 regulation of phosphate concentration in case of hypophosphatemia )
--Does phosphate concentration increases above 4.5 mg/dL
- yes, we call it hyperphosphatemia -
when it occurs?
-Listen
Causes of hyperphosphatemia
1. Chronic kidney disease
2. Hypothyroidism
3. Pseudohypothyroidism
4. Excessive intake
5. Breakdown of cells because inside cells, there are plenty of phosphates
So due to some causes like
a. Crush injuries
b. Tumor lysis syndrome
c. Rhabdomyolysis( Destruction of muscle cells) Hyperphosphatemia may occur.
What is the problem if Hyperphosphatemia Occurs?
If it is mild, then no problem, but if is severe cases, many symptoms appear.
Symptoms of severe hyperphosphatemia:
Neurons become more excitable.
Tingling around the mouth.
seizures
Bone pain
Binds with calcium and forms bone-like crystals
a. Under the skin
b. Blood vessel walls.
c. Joints
d. Kidney stones
e. Long term hyperphosphatemia >> the whole kidney turns to bone ☆( Nephrocalcinosis)☆
--Huh! You converted the whole kidney to a piece of stone ?? What a dangerous, man? -Now tell me, does phosphate concentration decreases below normal??
----Yes, we call it Hypophosphatemia
Causes of hypophosphatemia:
1. Excess loss of phosphate
2. Primary hyperparathyroidism - excess phosphate lost in the urine
3. Fanconi's syndrome - (PCT cant reabsorb PO4)
4. Not enough absorbed in GIT For alcohol & some medication.
5. Deficiency in Diet
- Malnourished - Anorexia Nervosa
6. Respiratory Alkalosis
Do you know?
Symptoms of severe hypophosphatemia:
Muscle weakness
Osteomalacia
Muscle breakdown
altered mental status Also
hypercalcemia symptoms.
Did you understand the ABC of phosphates in our body ?? Will you ask again what is the use of phosphate in our body??
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